抄録
In Japan crop-raiding by monkeys is a serious social problem now; their range expanded close to the human settlements and they often intrude into the center of big cities. After World War II it was presumed that the wild population of Japanese macaques had faced a extinction, prompting they legal protection since 1947. During these 60 years their wild populations have apparently recovered and are still increasing, especially in the area where monkey populations contact with human settlements. The population control of Japanese macaques is a controversial problem in society today. After 1998 more than 10,000 monkeys were removed every year, but crop-damages has not decreased, but instead seems to be growing more serious. The changing society in Japan including its economic structure and attitude toward wild animals as well as a loss of wildlife management measures (hunting etc) may make these problems more complicated. Meanwhile, the circumstances are quite different in Southeast Asia. The populations of wild primates are seriously threatened by large-scale habitat destruction. We surveyed the current situation of mammals in Sumatra and found that many species including arboreal primates were driven out from their original habitats. The isolated small population of primates may not be able to increase in some reserves and/or temple forests. I hope to discuss how adaptive management can help to deal with these different circumstances.
