3　UNTACから15年のカンボジアにおける平和構築と人権

抄録

UNTAC was, as a 2^nd generation of UNPKO, successful in organizing a free and fair election for legitimizing the Cambodian government. As a result, the government of Cambodia has been receiving international assistance for peace-building since then. The UN human rights operation, assisted by NGOs, promoted peace by means of law and judicial reform as well as human resource development for the authorities. Democracy was, however, fragile. Through the armed conflict in 1997 and termination of the Khmer Rouge’s resistance, the Cambodian Peoples’ Party (CPP), led by Prime Minister Hun Sen, has gained power and become a de facto dictatorship. The rapid economic growth of the market economy has created social problems resulting from gap between rich and poor. The land law and the judiciary, which was reformed for peace and human rights with international assistance, are even manipulated for justifying human rights violations caused by land grabbing and corruption. Judicial corruption is 220 difficult to address in terms of respect for the independence of the judiciary. Thus, structural violence can be seen paradoxically as a result of massive international assistance for peace-building. The ECCC was finally created to address the demand of the Cambodian people to punish those who were responsible for the mass killings by Khmer Rouge. However it also faces another dilemma between peace and justice. How to deal with international standard in the local context and reality? How to define corruption and control it to assist local governance? How to realize human rights? From the viewpoint of human security, cross-border networks of civil society and the private sector might be a key for resolving this challenge.