5　紛争後の東ティモールにおけるコミュニティと平和―――平和なコミュニティ再建の広がりをめざして

抄録

Armed conflicts today affect civilians’ life enormously at community level. Therefore it is essential to reflect views of community inhabitants on post-conflict peace building and to link communities’ initiative to national-wide or regional-wide reconstruction process by activating community-based organizations (CBOs). In order to consider effective international aid for achieving peaceful community reconstruction, this essay discusses, firstly, how community inhabitants recognize peace building at community level, and secondly, how post-conflict aid influences the reconstruction process of communities in terms of realizing long-term peace and development.

The first part analyses through field survey how community people perceive important elements of community reconstruction. The results can be summarized into 6 points: 1) Achieving peace and reconciliation, 2) Securing enough income to live, 3) Helping each other, 4) Making the government functioned, 5) Making well-functioning village leadership, 6) Activating CBOs. The second part examines, based on the results of the field survey and social capital theory which relates to 3)-6), recognition of community people towards the influence of international aid on each important factor above. It also discusses the influence of one of the national-wide community development schemes, Community Empowerment and Governance Project (CEP), on community reconstruction.

The analysis shows that the tendencies of aid responses are to be project-based with limited impact, donor-driven (lacking local involvement), confusing of local governance, and often not linked to central policy, short-term with unstable funding systems, all of which do not meet development goals of the recipients. Therefore, post-conflict aid at community level did not fully utilize potentials of CBOs nor develop social capital, which are essential elements to scale up its impact beyond project level.

For future community-based responses to achieve maximum impact and sustainability, this essay suggests that aid to communities consider social capital at local context carefully, enforcing community cohesion and bridging its impact from project-based initiatives to community-wide, regional-wide and national-wide initiatives; link to other projects, strategies and networks, and involve all levels of governments.