6　トルコへの原発輸出に対する反対派の反応　反原発運動参加者への聞き取り調査から

抄録

This paper attempts to explain why people joined the anti-nuclear movement in Turkey and clarifies their demands by analyzing public opinion surveys and conducting interview research. Turkey plans to install three nuclear power plants (NPPs) to meet its growing electricity demand and to boost economic growth. In 2013, a Japanese-French consortium won the deal to construct an NPP in Sinop on Turkey’s Black Sea coast. The Japanese government has promoted the nuclear export business as a main pillar of its economic growth strategy, claiming that foreign countries are in need of Japan’ s nuclear technology, even after the Fukushima nuclear accident. However, anti-nuclear opinion is growing in many countries. In Turkey, the anti-nuclear movement has developed since the mid-1970s. This paper tries to present the arguments of Turkish opponents of NPP, which must not be ignored in the process of nuclear export.

The first section of the paper analyses public opinion surveys on Turkey’s NPP project. The surveys demonstrate that a majority of Turkish citizens are against introducing NPPs in the country. The surveys also suggest that Turkish citizens’ negative view on NPPs comes from their experience and lessons from the Chernobyl nuclear accident.

In the second section, this study interviewed participants in the anti-nuclear movement in Turkey. Many of them referred to the Chernobyl nuclear accident and its negative effect on Turkey as a reason why they became opponents of NPP and joined the movement. In addition, they showed disappointment and discontent with nuclear export from Japan, which had experienced the Fukushima nuclear accident.

The third section focuses on the anti-nuclear movement’s demand for a democratic relationship between state and civil society. Accelerating development projects as a source of political support, the Turkish government has deregulated environmental protection and bypassed the democratic decision-making process. The movement criticizes not only NPP construction, but also the government’s authoritarian attitude.

Finally, the paper concludes that the nuclear project could have negative effects on local society, already affected by the Chernobyl nuclear accident, and hinder their demand for democracy.