Toward Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization in Pakistan

抄録

This study reviews the trends, institutional trajectories, gender dynamics, and environmental dimensions of Pakistan’s agricultural mechanization system. It examines mechanization status, policy and innovation models, gendered patterns of access, and identifies key gaps and challenges. Drawing on an extensive desk-based review of policy documents, institutional reports, and scholarly literature, the study finds that mechanization in Pakistan remains modest and uneven across regions and farming systems. Institutional support reflects a gradual transition from subsidy-driven, hardware-focused interventions toward more market- and service-oriented approaches. Although women are deeply involved in agricultural production, they continue to be excluded from mechanization benefits due to structural, institutional, and social constraints. Environmental outcomes vary, as mechanization can enhance efficiency and resilience but may also increase energy and resource pressures depending on governance and technology choices. Limited access to finance, weak coordination, outdated equipment, and gender disparities continue to impede progress toward sustainable mechanization. The study concludes by highlighting the need to strengthen policy coherence, expand equitable access to machinery and credit, and align mechanization strategies with inclusive and environmentally sustainable development objectives to foster a more inclusive and sustainable agricultural mechanization system in Pakistan.