Global food security is increasingly threatened by declining crop yields, while heavy reliance on chemical pesticides has produced negative impacts on the environment and human health. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers a more sustainable alternative, yet evaluations of its ecological and economic benefits remain limited. This study addresses this gap through a bibliometric analysis and systematic review of trends, research hotspots, and trade-offs in IPM implementation. Findings reveal a marked rise in IPM publications between 2015 and 2024, clustered around four themes: technical strategies, agronomic integration, biological control and ecosystem services, and socioeconomic and policy dimensions. Ecologically, IPM enhances agroecosystem resilience through biopesticides, advanced pest detection technologies, and conservation practices that support climate change mitigation. Economically, IPM promotes sustainability by improving resource efficiency, strengthening farmer capacity, and enabling premium markets for low-residue products. Future research should prioritize multitrophic interactions, genetic and genomic approaches, and socioeconomic analyses that assess long-term benefits, incentives, and policy frameworks. Broadening IPM adoption will enhance farmer welfare, safeguard human health, and advance sustainable agriculture.

The Pseudomonas fluorescens complex represents one of the most ecologically versatile and functionally diverse groups of plant-associated rhizobacteria, offering substantial promise for sustainable crop production. Members of this bacterial group exhibit a broad array of plant-beneficial effects, including growth promotion, biocontrol against phytopathogens and insect herbivores, and mitigation of abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity. Despite their potential, the application of P. fluorescens complex strains in commercial inoculants remains limited, and their field performance is variable across different agricultural environments. To advance the development of effective microbial products, a clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying their plant growth promotion activities and stress mitigation is essential. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge on the taxonomy, ecological roles, and molecular mechanisms of beneficial activity within the P. fluorescens complex, and highlight key traits contributing to plant growth promotion, biocontrol, and abiotic stress tolerance, with discussion of challenges and future directions for their application in sustainable agriculture.

Global agriculture faces escalating challenges such as land degradation, climate change, water scarcity, and excessive use of agrochemicals, all of which jeopardize food security and compromise sustainable crop productivity. Unsustainable agricultural methods have intensified these problems, resulting in the inefficient utilization of scarce natural resources and diminished resilience of food production systems. In this context, nanobubble technology has emerged as a groundbreaking approach to addressing critical challenges in crop production and ensuring sustainable production through enhancing crop development from the initial germination to later growth stages by promoting nutrient uptake, stimulating growth hormone production, supporting beneficial microbial activity in the rhizosphere, and modifying soil physicochemical properties. These changes primarily result from the molecular and physicochemical modifications induced by nanobubbles. Recent findings further explained that nanobubble-mediated irrigation has also been shown to alleviate both biotic and abiotic stress in crop cultivation. However, the precise mechanisms by which nanobubbles promote plant growth remain incompletely understood. Considering these aspects, this review summarizes i) synthesis methods of nanobubbles ii) recent global research on the application of nanobubbles in agriculture, with a focus on the possible mechanisms by which they enhance crop production, and iii) several key research gaps related to the use of nanobubbles in crop cultivation which highlighting the critical need for future studies to address these limitations.