Nature-Based Solutions for Riverbank Protection

抄録

This review synthesizes current research on nature-based solutions (NbS) for riverbank protection, focusing on vegetation planting, soil bioengineering, and wetland restoration as sustainable approaches to erosion control and ecosystem resilience. It evaluates ecological effectiveness, hydro-mechanical performance, and implementation factors, including design, maintenance, and stakeholder engagement. A systematic analysis of 60 studies from diverse geographic contexts indicates that vegetation-based bioengineering enhances slope stability, soil cohesion, and biodiversity, with species selection and adaptive maintenance as critical success factors. Wetland restoration contributes to sediment retention, improved water quality, and ecological resilience, although long-term performance data remain limited. Hybrid approaches combining vegetation with structural elements demonstrate greater reliability under high-energy hydraulic conditions. Despite these advantages, persistent challenges include maintenance requirements, invasive species management, and limited standardization of performance assessment. Overall, NbS provide multifunctional riverbank protection but require improved long-term monitoring, quantitative evaluation, and integration of socio-economic considerations. The findings offer practical guidance for context-specific implementation and highlight key priorities for future research