抄録
The diffusion and accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become a major global challenge to environmental safety and public health. As a critical environmental reservoir of ARGs, soil plays a significant role in their generation, migration, and dissemination. This review systematically summarizes the primary sources of ARGs in soil, including anthropogenic activities, livestock manure, and wastewater treatment inputs, and outlines their distribution characteristics across different soil types. It emphasizes the influence of environmental factors, such as soil pH, organic matter content, and antibiotic residues, on the behavior of ARGs, revealing their migration, transformation, and horizontal gene transfer mechanisms. The potential risks of ARGs to ecosystem functions, food safety, and human health are elucidated, highlighting their critical role in the dissemination network of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, this paper reviews ARG mitigation strategies, including source reduction, process interruption, and terminal treatment, while identifying research limitations and technological bottlenecks. Future studies are proposed to focus on developing precise and highly sensitive monitoring techniques, investigating multi-scale mechanisms of ARG migration and diffusion, and constructing ecosystem-based integrated control systems. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for understanding the environmental behavior of ARGs in soil and mitigating their spread.
