抄録
The nitrogen application rate has a profound impact on crop growth and development, yield formation, and the ecological environment, serving as a critical factor for achieving high-yield, efficient, and sustainable agriculture. In recent years, research aimed at improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing environmental burdens has advanced rapidly, showing trends toward diversification and integration. This paper systematically reviews four major frontier research areas regarding the effects of nitrogen application on crops: (1) precision nitrogen management technologies based on artificial intelligence and big data analytics, which aim to enable site-specific fertilization; (2) studies on nitrogen–rhizosphere microbial interactions, revealing their regulatory roles in nitrogen cycling and uptake efficiency; (3) genetic improvement through molecular breeding and gene editing to enhance crop nitrogen-use efficiency and adaptability under low-nitrogen conditions; and (4) development and application of novel slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers and enhancers to optimize nitrogen release from the source. This paper aims to provide theoretical support and technical references for achieving efficient, eco-friendly, and intelligent nitrogen fertilization in future agricultural practices.
