抄録
Photosynthesis is the core process of plant growth and biomass accumulation, directly determining the yield potential of crops. This paper systematically explores the relationship between photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield to provide a scientific basis for improving agricultural productivity. First, the fundamental principles of photosynthesis are explained, and the concept and measurement methods of photosynthetic efficiency are defined. Second, the key mechanisms through which photosynthetic efficiency affects crop yield are analyzed, including light energy capture efficiency, carbon assimilation rate, and the structural and functional regulation of photosynthetic organs. Third, major strategies for improving photosynthetic efficiency are reviewed, such as genetic improvement (e.g., genetic engineering and variety breeding), precision agricultural management (e.g., optimizing light conditions and fertilization techniques), and environmental regulation measures (e.g., greenhouse and shading technologies). Through typical case studies, the practical effects of high photosynthetic efficiency varieties in enhancing yield and resource use efficiency are further revealed. Finally, future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the critical role of photosynthetic efficiency enhancement technologies in addressing global food security and achieving sustainable agricultural development. This study provides both theoretical support and practical guidance for a deeper understanding of the relationship between photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield.
