A 22-year-old woman in the 28th week of her pregnancy was first admitted to the Keio University Hospital on July 21, 1976, because of severe anemia and leukocytosis. On admission, her hemoglobin was 6.1g/dl, platelets 239×103/μl, and WBC 23,400/μl with 42% blasts. The bone marrow smear demonstrated 70.8% of leukemic cells, and diminished erythroid cells and megakaryocytes. From these data the diagnosis of acute leukemia was made. Two weeks after initiation of treatment with vincristine and prednisolone, in the 31st week of her pregnancy, she gave birth of a female infant weighing 1,655g by induction delivery. Thereafter, daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside were added on her treatment. The complete remission was obtained 40 days after delivery. She has been in complete remission for 10 months and her child has grown normally with no hematological or genetic abnormality. Reported cases of acute leukemia in literatures were reviewed with special reference to relationship between treatment for leukemia and pregnancy.
