The changes of various components and properties in blood by a 10 km-run physical exercise were examined using six volunteers. The levels of RBC, WBC, Ht, Hb, MCV, reticulocyte, osmotic pressure, lactic acid, and CPK significantly increased after the exercise. A plasma protein which remarkably appeared after the exercise was detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. This plasma protein was detected at the position of pI 5.0, molecular weight of about 70, 000 on two-dimensional gel under non-denaturing condition, but it showed a molecular weight of about 30, 000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel. No remarkable changes were observed in two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of cytosol and cell membrane protein before and after the exercise.