地方自治体における児童の「早寝早起き朝ごはん」と食習慣・生活習慣との関連

—学校クラスタ化でみた検討—

抄録

This study compares children’s lifestyle rhythm of sleeping early, rising early, and eating breakfast among local authority, and examines how this rhythm relates to dietary habits and lifestyle. The data used were from a cross-sectional survey carried out in July 2013, in which 4,087 children in grades 1-6 of 10 elementary schools in S City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan, completed a self-administered questionnaire. To analyze the results, the responses for sleeping and rising time and for eating breakfast were assigned scores, and expressed as the sleeping/rising score and the breakfast score. A stratified cluster analysis was then carried out according to the method of Ward, and the clusters thus obtained were used as dependent variables in a χ² test with dietary habits and lifestyle habits as independent variables. Differences were observed between schools in the children’s lifestyle rhythm. Also, students in group I schools, which had higher sleeping/rising scores and higher breakfast scores, consumed dairy products at a higher frequency and ate fried foods and snacks between meals at a lower frequency than students in group II schools, which had lower sleeping/rising and breakfast scores. Moreover, the proportion of children that exercised and woke up feeling refreshed and the frequency of tooth brushing was higher in group I than group II schools. The results suggest that in schools where many children sleep early, rise early, and eat breakfast, many children have also acquired dietary habits and lifestyle.