抄録
Growth of non-state enterprises has been one of the key factors for China's economic development sustained for more than thirty years. It was achieved by deregulation under the economic transition towards market economy. Some describe this process as “State backward, private forward”. However, in recent years, especially after the global economic crisis in 2008, it is observed that Chinese government represented policy change reversely to enhancing regulation, what is called, “State forward, private backward” at least in some industries, especially in basic materials industries. This article analyzes the background of this policy change and discusses how this policy can be evaluated through case studies of coal and cement industries. The conclusion of the analysis is as follows. Deregulation in coal and cement industries brought forth the entry of huge number of enterprises into market, which made rapid and large growth of production possible. However, in parallel, those problems had occurred as what we call, externality, including resource degradation, increased fatal accidents and environmental problems caused by small enterprises(most of which are non-state enterprises). Chinese government is promoting “State forward, private backward” policy, more concretely enhancing M&A of non-state enterprises by state enterprises by setting production scale standard. This article concludes Chinese government's preference to compulsory elimination of small scale enterprises by rigid standard of production scale cannot be justified and specific policy to internalize externality, such as energy efficiency or environmental standard, shall be recommended to resolve externality problems.
