阪神大震災の「記憶」に関する社会学的考察

被災地につくられたモニュメントを事例として

抄録

　The great Hanshin earthquake disaster took place on January 17, 1995, and inflicted severe damage upon the society of the affected area. The damages were various in kind but the experience of the earthquake disaster no longer exists in its original form. Rather, the experience of the earthquake disaster is arranged as " a memory of the earthquake disaster " among the people of the area.and they create " the meaning " of it. This paper considers the many monuments and cenotaphs that have been placed in the stricken area and clarifies how the experience of the earthquake disaster is memorialized and creates meaning.
　I analyze the system of memory and the meaning of the earthquake disaster from four phases by considering 116 monuments. The four phases are the "death of face to face relationships", the "death of non-face to face relationships", the "life of face to face relationships", and the "life of non-face to face relationships". Each of the four phases creates a different system of meaning in society. The epitaphs shows that many monuments consist of a combination of the four phases, and these monuments make up new system of the meaning.
　If the system of the meaning differs from monument to monument, memories of the earthquake also vary.As Maurice Halbwachs has noted.the frame of the group is composed from many layers, and the meaning is also being made many layers. A frame and its contents compose the memory of the group. "The frame" of the group in the upper layer is a part of the system of meaning in society. In other words, piles of layers have taken away the variety of memories or meanings about the great Hanshin earthquake disaster.