バランス仮説と主観の一致

生活空間にはたらく諸力

抄録

　The purpose of this article is to expand Heider’s balance hypothesis into a social theory to analyze the problem of intersubjectivity. Heider defined the states of balance as follows: a dyad is balanced if the relations between two entities are all positive or all negative, and a triad is balanced if all three relations are positive or if two relations are negative and one is positive. If an imbalanced state exists, then forces toward a balanced state will arise.　Although Heider balance dealt with internal perceptual systems, structural balance theory developed the concept of balance to apply to objective social networks. Here, I found an important difference. Heider considered balance hypothesis a part of common-sense psychology. Common-sense psychology designates folkways or ethno-methods as to how people make sense of objects and events in their surroundings. People tend to perceive relations matching with balanced formations.　According to common-sense psychology, each person perceives the objective world from a different perspective. In other words, a person lives in his/her own subjective reality. Heider used the term life-space to refer to the subjective reality.　I found that the tendency toward a balanced state can inhibit the concordance of plural life-spaces in a case study of harassment. It concerns the issue of intersubjectivity. I explain the mechanism in terms of Alfred Schutz’s concept of tuning-in relations. Schutz used the term to refer to the effects of vibration or sympathy in basic communicationbetween self and other.　On the one hand the tendency toward a balanced state works inside the life-space, while on the other hand tuning-in operation works outside the life-space. Two different effects conspire to construct either concordant or discordant subjectivities. I assemble some concepts involved in balance hypothesis and propose a framework to analyze the dynamics of intersubjective life-space relations.