戦時下台湾における三つの「地方文化」構想

『民俗台湾』と日本民芸協会の民芸保存活動を事例として

抄録

　The purpose of this paper is to examine activities for the protection and cultivation of Taiwanese folk crafts in the Japanese Empire, 1941-45. In particular, I will focus on the process of networking between Takeo Kanaseki (1897-1983) who established and edited the magazine Taiwan Folklore (Minzoku Taiwan) and Muneyoshi Yanagi (1889-1961) who managed the Japan Folk-Crafts Museum (Nihon Mingeikan).　First, I argue that since 1930s the colonial government of Taiwan instituted a law protecting the natural and cultural environments, but the category of “culture” protected by the government did not include the folk-crafts and folklore of the Taiwan Han. In addition to the assimilation (Japanization) policy toward the Taiwanese subjects and the development of mass tourism, this situation led to the increasing destruction of the traditional production system for Taiwanese folk crafts and their replacement by modernized and Japanized products for immigrants and tourists from Japan.　Second, I will trace the process through which Kanaseki and Yanagi cooperated to protect and cultivate Taiwanese folk crafts by claiming their artistic and historical value to both the Japanese and Taiwanese people. However, such claims carried with them the great risk of being confused with Taiwanese nationalism. Therefore, they attempted to invent new meanings of colonial culture or “locality,” namely “sub”-locality, “multi” -locality, and “trans”-locality.　Lastly, I will argue that although these three types of the Taiwanese “locality” were based upon and existed within the territorial frame of the Japanese empire, they also had the potential to deconstruct the ethno-racial hierarchy or the center-periphery relations between the metropole and the colonies.