スーフィズム研究と井筒俊彦

抄録

This paper examines the place of Toshihiko Izutsu’s approach in Sufi studies. Non-specialists in Sufism seem to generally assume that Izutsu’s approach falls in line with mainstream Sufi studies around the world, and that Ibn ‘Arabī and the school he founded were subjects for Izutsu’s works, which has subsequently become a theme of primary interest in Sufi studies. These views are misguided, however. Approaches to Sufism may be classified as (a) sharī‘a-oriented vs. ḥaqīqa-oriented Sufism, (b) elite Sufism vs. common people’s Sufism, and (c) Islamic Sufism vs. universal Sufism. Izutsu mainly focused on ḥaqīqa-oriented universal Sufism as practiced by elites; however, the general understanding of Sufism among scholars in the Islamic world does not always share this focus, instead emphasizing the ethical aspects of Sufism, which are closely related to sharī‘a-oriented Sufism. Moreover, they devote attention to not only the elites, but also the common people, especially regarding tariqa and saint veneration, both of which are generally believed to have close connections with Sufism. Their main concern is Sufism in the Islamic milieu, rather than universal mysticism.