Phase Separation Fundamentals—Toward Applications of Particle Assembly—

Abstract

This article provides a brief overview of liquid-liquid phase separation fundamentals. First we discuss thermodynamic factors that drive spontaneous phase separation from homogeneous binary liquid mixtures. Next we introduce some mathematical models for chemical potentials in non-equilibrium state and intermolecular frictions to derive the governing equation for phase separations. Following classical Cahn-Hilliard theory, we show how the linear stability analysis gives the critical wavelength, at which the growth rate of concentration fluctuation shows a maximum. Finally, we discuss possibilities to utilize phase separation structures as a template to assemble/deposit/stratify solid particles on a solid surface.