論文
日本農業における新規開業と起業家精神
キーワード:
Agriculture,
Entrepreneurship,
New firm formation,
Business diversification,
Panel data analysis
2022 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 197-213
詳細
2022 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 197-213
The establishment of new corporates and farms is an innovation for the formation of new organizations, as well as economic activities contributing to the revitalization and sustainable development of a region. The purpose of this study was to clarify entrepreneurship in agriculture through the analysis of factors that determine new firm formation and business diversification and compare them to whole industries. First, we conducted a fixed effects model analysis using two-point panel data to explain the rate of new firm formation and business diversification in agriculture for each prefecture in Japan. Secondly, we indirectly identified entrepreneurship through measured fixed effects and created a prefecture-level index of entrepreneurship. Thirdly, we explored factors that influence entrepreneurship in agriculture at the regional level based on economic and social statistics and the results of a questionnaire survey on entrepreneurial attitudes. Finally, we derived policy implications that contribute to the promotion of entrepreneurship in agriculture based on the results of the above analyses, and compared them with whole industries. The results of the analysis above of new firm formation and entrepreneurship revealed the following.
Regional differences in entrepreneurship at the local level and fixed effects are significant for new firm formation in whole industries and agriculture, as well as business diversification in agriculture. Furthermore, differences in factors affecting the fixed effects between all industries and agriculture imply that agriculture is relatively inferior in terms of choice of target businesses and new firm formation, and business diversification in agriculture is not a true result of entrepreneurship at the local level. In other words, these activities merely reflect the incorporation of a farm business, including community farming. The processing and direct sales of agricultural products are often carried out as part of local government initiatives to revitalize a community and show policy support. Therefore, in order to realize sustainability in agriculture, policies are important to promote the accumulation of social capital, which will bring entrepreneurship at the level of individuals as well as the implementation of new businesses and business diversification.
JEL Classifications:C23, L26, M13, Q12
