環境制御型施設園芸における被覆資材の違いが環境効率に及ぼす影響の評価

──和歌山県の地域特性を考慮して──

抄録

　　This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different cover materials on environmental efficiency in controlled environment horticulture, taking into consideration the regional characteristics of Wakayama Prefecture.　First, model facilities and cultivation conditions for controlled environment horticulture were established at multiple cultivation sites within Wakayama Prefecture.　Subsequently, existing cover materials widely used in the field were selected, and comparisons constructed by combining these materials.　Next, tools such as yield estimation, improved fuel estimation, and equipment introduction estimation tools were used to calculate greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions and business revenues.　Finally, environmental efficiency was calculated based on the derived GHG emissions and business revenues.

　　The results showed that Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene （ETFE） agricultural film had the highest environmental efficiency in all evaluation regions, while Polyolefin （PO） agricultural film had the lowest environmental efficiency.　Furthermore, there were significant differences in environmental efficiency between regions, with the largest variation observed in Pattern 3 （PT3） （outer layer:ethylene tetrafluoroethylene film – inner layer:agricultural vinyl film） and the smallest in Pattern 2 （PT2） （outer layer:agricultural polyolefin film – inner layer:agricultural polyolefin film）.

　　The differences in environmental efficiency between regions were strongly influenced by fluctuations in heating loads due to the use of heating oil, reaffirming that the environmental efficiency of agricultural cover materials are significantly affected by regional climate conditions.　These results confirm that achieving decarbonization and sustainability in facility horticulture requires evaluations tailored to regional conditions.　The combination of cover materials in PT3 demonstrated relatively low greenhouse gas emissions and the potential to increase sales revenue, suggesting the importance of selecting optimal cover materials based on regional climate characteristics.　To improve environmental efficiency in the future, it is necessary to consider not only the selection of cover materials but also the introduction of low-carbon heating technologies such as heat pumps and combinations of carbon dioxide dispersion methods tailored to regional conditions.　A strategic approach that takes regional characteristics into account is essential, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.　Future challenges include optimizing planting times by region and analyzing the aging degradation of inner cover materials.

JEL Classification:Q51, Q54