2026 年 56 巻 1 号 p. 91-110
Multi-country input-output tables quantitatively represent transaction flows across industries and countries and provide an important empirical basis for studying global value chains (GVCs) and regional economics. In recent years, a trend toward “big government” has been observed in advanced economies such as the United States, where industrial policies are actively promoted. Meanwhile, international trade relations have developed beyond bilateral transactions into multilateral, interdependent networks, and the importance of GVC studies using multi-country input-output tables is accordingly increasing. To this end, we propose a new extended method that constructs minimum spanning trees (MSTs) representing transaction structures using Z-scores, visualizes them by incorporating GVC lengths and industry categories, and quantitatively evaluates the significance of nodes in terms of centrality measures. In this paper, we call this method the pair-type MST method.
In the experimental evaluation of the proposed pair-type MST method, we conducted both qualitative and quantitative analyses using the World Input-Output Tables (WIOTs) available from the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) and the Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) tables provided by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In the quantitative analysis, we introduce new indicators such as GVC length, input coefficient centrality, and output coefficient centrality, and compared the industry-based MST with the country-based MST to examine structural differences.
The results confirm that the industry-node backbone structure is robust and stable. As an implication for regional economic research, although trade relations among certain countries have changed significantly over the past two decades due to institutional transitions and other factors, the backbone structure among industries has remained stable, partly because of shifts in the roles of countries within the global trade network.
JEL Classification:C1, C5, F2
