中小企業における経営者と管理職の行動特性，職場ストレッサーとメンタルヘルスとの関連―共分散構造分析による比較検討―

抄録

This study compared behavioral characteristics and job stressors of operators and managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), examining the causal relations with factors contributing to mental illness. An anonymous web questionnaire survey was implemented targeting 600 individuals including presidents, directors, and individuals above the position of section chiefs of SMEs. Of them, 370 individuals were targeted for analysis, including 143 male presidents with less than 50 employees under them, 140 male managers, and 87 female managers. The covariance structure analysis results revealed that “malfunctional coping” in male presidents and managers had a positive influence on “job stressors,” and job stressors have a positive correlation with “mental illness.” However, for female managers, the path coefficient for “job stressors” with “malfunctional coping” was not significant and was not positively correlated with mental illness.

Thus, male presidents and managers did not seek support from or appeal to others, or tried to do their best without complaining, which heightened job stressors and strengthened vulnerability to mental illness. However, female managers’ coping without seeking support or appealing to others had no influence on job stressors and did not cause any indirect vulnerability to mental illness.