This article provides a systematic understanding of the cutting-edge discipline of GeoAI through a comprehensive literature review. GeoAI is an emerging interdisciplinary field at the intersection of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Geospatiotemporal Big Data (GBD). GIS has benefited significantly from the rapid advancement of AI, particularly through the integration of sophisticated AI algorithms into geospatial processing. As AI continues to evolve—especially with the emergence of Generative AI powered by high-performance computing and Large Language Models (LLMs)—there is an increasing need for the explicit handling of geospatial intelligence. This shift highlights the evolution of GeoAI from geospatial information to geospatiotemporal intelligence. It presents a valuable opportunity for GIS researchers to lead in AI innovation and contribute to addressing complex global challenges.
