Effects of Furosemide on the Resting Membrane Potentials and the Transmitter-Induced Responses of the Aplysia Ganglion Cells

KEIKO NAKAI; KAZUHIKO SASAKI; MITSUHIKO MATSUMOTO; KOICHIRO TAKASHIMA

doi:10.1620/tjem.156.79

KEIKO NAKAI, KAZUHIKO SASAKI, MITSUHIKO MATSUMOTO, KOICHIRO TAKASHIMA

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Keywords: furosemide effect, resting membrane, transmitter-induced response, ion channels, ion pump

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1988 Volume 156 Issue 1 Pages 79-90

DOI https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.156.79

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Published: 1988 Received: April 07, 1988 Available on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006 Accepted: August 25, 1988 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : NAKAI, K., SASAKI, K., MATSUMOTO, M. and TAKASHIMA, K. Effects of Furosemide on the Resting Membrane Potentials and the Transmitter-Induced Responses of the Aplysia Ganglion Cells. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1988, 156 (1), 79- 90-Effects of Furosemide (FM) on the ionic channels in the ganglion cells of Aplysia were investigated using a conventional electrophysiological method. Application of 1mM FM for 30min did not alter the resting membrane potential or conductance. Na+-dependent responses to acetylcholine (ACh) were slightly depressed but Cl^--dependent responses to ACh and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were markedly depressed by FM. On the other hand, K⁺-dependent responses to ACh and dopamine (DA), and cyclic adenosine-3', 5' monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent response to DA were not appreciably altered by 1mM FM. The depressing effects of FM on both Nat-and Cl^--dependent responses were due to the non-competitive inhibition of their receptor activities. It was concluded that 1 mM FM can change neither Na⁺-K⁺-pump nor Cl^--pump mechanisms in the ganglion cells of Aplysia, but it depresses the receptor-operated Na⁺-and Cl^--channel activities, the greater effect on the open Cl^--channels. In addition, it was postulated that FM effect may be highly specific to the open state of Cl^--channels regardless of whether the membrane is excitable or not.
Right : Effects of Furosemide (FM) on the ionic channels in the ganglion cells of Aplysia were investigated using a conventional electrophysiological method. Application of 1 mM FM for 30 min did not alter the resting membrane potential or conductance. Na⁺-dependent responses to acetylcholine (ACh) were slightly depressed but Cl^--dependent responses to ACh and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were markedly depressed by FM. On the other hand, K⁺-dependent responses to ACh and dopamine (DA), and cyclic adenosine-3', 5' monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent response to DA were not appreciably altered by 1 mM FM. The depressing effects of FM on both Na⁺-and Cl^--dependent responses were due to the non-competitive inhibition of their receptor activities. It was concluded that 1 mM FM can change neither Na⁺-K⁺-pump nor Cl^--pump mechanisms in the ganglion cells of Aplysia, but it depresses the receptor-operated Na⁺-and Cl^--channel activities, the greater effect on the open Cl^--channels. In addition, it was postulated that FM effect may be highly specific to the open state of Cl^--channels regardless of whether the membrane is excitable or not.

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1)Brown, R.D. (1973) Ototoxicity caused by ethacrynic acid and furosemide. Minerva otolaryng., 22, 213-221.
2) Brown, R.D. (1975) Comparison of the cochlear toxicity of sodium ethacrynate, furosemide and cysteine adduct of sodium ethacrynate in cats. Toxicol. appl. pharmacol., 31, 270-282.
3) Candia, O.A. (1973).Short-circuit current related to active transport of chloride in frog cornea: Effect of furosemide and ethacrynic acid. Biochim. biophys. Acta, 298, 1011-1014.
4) Candia, O.A., Schoen, H.F., Low, L. & Podos, S.M. (1981) Chloride transport inhibition by piretanide and MK-196 in bullfrog corneal epithelium. Amer. J. Physiol., 240, F 25-F 29.
5) Frazier, W.T., Kandel, E.R., Kupfermann, I., Waziri, R. & Coggeshall, R.E. (1967) Morphological and functional properties of identified neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. J. Neurophysiol., 30, 1288-1351.
6) Gallagher, J.P., Nakamura, J. & Gallagher, P.S. (1983) The effects of temperature, pH and Cl-pump inhibitors on GABA responses recorded from cat dorsal root ganglia. Brain Res., 267, 249-259.
7) Greger, R. & Schlatter, E. (1981) Presence of luminal K, a prerequisite for active NaCl transport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch., 392, 92-94.
8) Greger, R. & Schlatter, E. (1983a) Properties of the basolateral membrane of the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch., 396, 325-334.
9) Greger, R. & Schlatter, E. (1983b) Cellular mechanism of the action of loop diuretics on the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Klin. Wschr., 61, 1019-1027.
10) Greger, R., Schlatter, E. & Lang, F. (1983) Evidence for electroneutral sodium chloride cotransport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch., 396, 308-314.
11) Gruol, D. & Weinreich, D. (1979) Two pharmacologically distinct histamine receptors mediating membrane hyperpolarization on identified neurons of Aplysia californica. Brain Res., 162, 281-301.
12) Guggino, W.B., Stanton, B.A. & Giebisch, G. (1982) Electrical properties of isolated early distal tubule of the amphiuma kidney. Fed. Proc., 41, 1597.
13) Hoshi, T., Kuramochi, G. & Yoshitomi, K. (1983) Lumen-positive chloride transport potential in early distal tubule of triturus kidney: Its absolute dependence on the-presence of Na⁺ and K⁺ in the luminal fluid. Jap J. Physiol., 33, 855-861.
14) Inomata, N., Ishihara, T. & Akaike, N. (1988) Effects of diuretics on GABA-gated chloride current in frog isolated sensory neurones. Brit. J. Pharmacol., 93, 679-683.
15) Juhn, S.K., Rybak, L.P., Morizono, T. & Green, T.P. (1981) Pharmacokinetics of furosemide in relation to the alteration of endocochlear potential. Scand. Audiol., Suppl., 14, 39-49.
16) Kehoe, J. (1972a) Ionic mechanisms of two-component cholinergic inhibition in Aplysia neurons. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 225, 85-114.
17) Kehoe, J. (1972b) Three acetylcholine receptors in Aplysia neurons. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 225, 115-146.
18) Matsumoto, M. (1982) The voltage-dependent nature of the GABA-induced conductance change recorded from the ganglion cell of Aplysia. Jap. J. Physiol., 32, 55-67.
19) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Somei, K. & Sato, M. (1980a) Effects of opium derivatives on Na-, Cl-, and K-dependent acetylcholine receptors. Jap. J. Phisiol., 30, 729-742.
20) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Somei, K. & Sato, M. (1980b) Dose-inhibition curve and its application to the analysis of ACh-receptor activity. Jap. J. Physiol., 30, 743-750.
21) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Shozushima, M. & Sato, M. (1986) Desensitization of Cl^--dependent GABA response observed in ganglion cells of Aplysia. Jap. J. Physiol., 36, 349-358.
22) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Sato, M., Shozushima, M. & Takashima, K. (1988) Dopamine-induced depolarizing responses associated with negative slope conductance in LB-cluster neurones of Aplysia. J. Physiol. (Lond.), in press.
23) Nicoll, R.A. (1978) The blockade of GABA mediated responses in the frog spinal cord by ammonium ions and furosemide. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 283, 121-132.
24) Sato, M., Austin, G., Yai, H. & Maruhashi, J. (1968) The ionic permeability changes during acetylcholine-induced responses of Aplysia ganglion cells. J. gen. Physiol., 51, 321-345.
25) Scappaticci, K.A., Dretchen, K.L., Carpenter, D.O. & Pellmar, T.C. (1981) Effects of furosemide on neural mechanism in Aplysia. J. Neurobiol., 12, 329-341.
26) Shozushima, M. (1984) Blocking effect of serotonin on inhibitory dopamine receptor activity of Aplysia ganglion cells. Jap. J. Physiol., 34, 225-243.
27) Yarowsky, P.J. & Carpenter, D.O. (1978) Receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on Aplysia neurons. Brain Res., 144, 75-94.

Right : 1) Brown, R. D. (1973) Ototoxicity caused by ethacrynic acid and furosemide. Minerva otolaryng., 22, 213-221.
2) Brown, R. D. (1975) Comparison of the cochlear toxicity of sodium ethacrynate, furosemide and cysteine adduct of sodium ethacrynate in cats. Toxicol. appl. pharmacol., 31, 270-282.
3) Candia, O. A. (1973) Short-circuit current related to active transport of chloride in frog cornea: Effect of furosemide and ethacrynic acid. Biochim. biophys. Acta, 298, 1011-1014.
4) Candia, O. A., Schoen, H. F., Low, L. & Podos, S. M. (1981) Chloride transport inhibition by piretanide and MK-196 in bullfrog corneal epithelium. Amer. J. Physiol., 240, F 25-F 29.
5) Frazier, W. T., Kandel, E. R., Kupfermann, I., Waziri, R. & Coggeshall, R. E. (1967) Morphological and functional properties of identified neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica, J. Neurophysiol., 30, 1288-1351.
6) Gallagher, J. P., Nakamura, J. & Gallagher, P. S. (1983) The effects of temperature, pH and Cl-pump inhibitors on GABA responses recorded from cat dorsal root ganglia. Brain Res., 267, 249-259.
7) Greger, R. & Schlatter, E. (1981) Presence of luminal K, a prerequisite for active NaCl transport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch., 392, 92-94.
8) Greger, R. & Schlatter, E. (1983a) Properties of the basolateral membrane of the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch., 396, 325-334.
9) Greger, R. & Schlatter, E. (1983b) Cellular mechanism of the action of loop diuretics on the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Klin. Wschr., 61, 1019-1027.
10) Greger, R., Schlatter, E. & Lang, F. (1983) Evidence for electroneutral sodium chloride cotransport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch., 396, 308-314.
11) Gruol, D. & Weinreich, D. (1979) Two pharmacologically distinct histamine receptors mediating membrane hyperpolarization on identified neurons of Aplysia californica. Brain Res., 162, 281-301.
12) Guggino, W. B., Stanton, B. A. & Giebisch, G. (1982) Electrical properties of isolated early distal tubule of the amphiuma kidney. Fed. Proc., 41, 1597.
13) Hoshi, T., Kuramochi, G. & Yoshitomi, K. (1983) Lumen-positive chloride transport potential in early distal tubule of triturus kidney: Its absolute dependence on the-presence of Na⁺ and K⁺ in the luminal fluid. Jap J. Physiol., 33, 855-861.
14) Inomata, N., Ishihara, T. & Akaike, N. (1988) Effects of diuretics on GABA-gated chloride current in frog isolated sensory neurones. Brit. J. Pharmacol., 93, 679-683.
15) Juhn, S. K., Rybak, L. P., Morizono, T. & Green, T. P. (1981) Pharmacokinetics of furosemide in relation to the alteration of endocochlear potential. Scand. Audiol., Suppl., 14, 39-49.
16) Kehoe, J. (1972a) Ionic mechanisms of two-component cholinergic inhibition in Aplysia neurons. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 225, 85-114.
17) Kehoe, J. (1972b) Three acetylcholine receptors in Aplysia neurons. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 225, 115-146.
18) Matsumoto, M. (1982) The voltage-dependent nature of the GABA-induced conductance change recorded from the ganglion cell of Aplysia. Jap. J. Physiol., 32, 55-67.
19) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Somei, K. & Sato, M. (1980a) Effects of onium derivatives on Na-, Cl-, and K-dependent acetylcholine receptors. Jap. J. Physiol., 30, 729-742.
20) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Somei, K. & Sato, M. (1980b) Dose-inhibition curve and its application to the analysis of ACh-receptor activity. Jap. J. Physiol., 30, 743-750.
21) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Shozushima, M. & Sato, M. (1986) Desensitization of Cl^--dependent GABA response observed in ganglion cells of Aplysia. Jap. J. Physiol., 36, 349-358.
22) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Sato, M., Shozushima, M. & Takashima, K. (1988) Dopamine-induced depolarizing responses associated with negative slope conductance in LB-cluster neurones of Aplysia. J. Physiol. (Lond.), in press.
23) Nicoll, R. A. (1978) The blockade of GABA mediated responses in the frog spinal cord by ammonium ions and furosemide. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 283, 121-132.
24) Sato, M., Austin, G., Yai, H. & Maruhashi, J. (1968) The ionic permeability changes during acetylcholine-induced responses of Aplysia ganglion cells. J. gen. Physiol., 51, 321-345.
25) Scappaticci, K. A., Dretchen, K. L., Carpenter, D. O. & Pellmar, T. C. (1981) Effects of furosemide on neural mechanism in Aplysia. J. Neurobiol., 12, 329-341.
26) Shozushima, M. (1984) Blocking effect of serotonin on inhibitory dopamine receptor activity of Aplysia ganglion cells. Jap. J. Physiol., 34, 225-243.
27) Yarowsky, P. J. & Carpenter, D. O. (1978) Receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on Aplysia neurons. Brain Res., 144, 75-94.

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) Brown, R. D. (1973) Ototoxicity caused by ethacrynic acid and furosemide. Minerva otolaryng., 22, 213-221.
2) Brown, R. D. (1975) Comparison of the cochlear toxicity of sodium ethacrynate, furosemide and cysteine adduct of sodium ethacrynate in cats. Toxicol. appl. pharmacol., 31, 270-282.
3) Candia, O. A. (1973) Short-circuit current related to active transport of chloride in frog cornea: Effect of furosemide and ethacrynic acid. Biochim. biophys. Acta, 298, 1011-1014.
4) Candia, O. A., Schoen, H. F., Low, L. & Podos, S. M. (1981) Chloride transport inhibition by piretanide and MK-196 in bullfrog corneal epithelium. Amer. J. Physiol., 240, F 25-F 29.
5) Frazier, W. T., Kandel, E. R., Kupfermann, I., Waziri, R. & Coggeshall, R. E. (1967) Morphological and functional properties of identified neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica, J. Neurophysiol., 30, 1288-1351.
6) Gallagher, J. P., Nakamura, J. & Gallagher, P. S. (1983) The effects of temperature, pH and Cl-pump inhibitors on GABA responses recorded from cat dorsal root ganglia. Brain Res., 267, 249-259.
7) Greger, R. & Schlatter, E. (1981) Presence of luminal K, a prerequisite for active NaCl transport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch., 392, 92-94.
8) Greger, R. & Schlatter, E. (1983a) Properties of the basolateral membrane of the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch., 396, 325-334.
9) Greger, R. & Schlatter, E. (1983b) Cellular mechanism of the action of loop diuretics on the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Klin. Wschr., 61, 1019-1027.
10) Greger, R., Schlatter, E. & Lang, F. (1983) Evidence for electroneutral sodium chloride cotransport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch., 396, 308-314.
11) Gruol, D. & Weinreich, D. (1979) Two pharmacologically distinct histamine receptors mediating membrane hyperpolarization on identified neurons of Aplysia californica. Brain Res., 162, 281-301.
12) Guggino, W. B., Stanton, B. A. & Giebisch, G. (1982) Electrical properties of isolated early distal tubule of the amphiuma kidney. Fed. Proc., 41, 1597.
13) Hoshi, T., Kuramochi, G. & Yoshitomi, K. (1983) Lumen-positive chloride transport potential in early distal tubule of triturus kidney: Its absolute dependence on the-presence of Na⁺ and K⁺ in the luminal fluid. Jap J. Physiol., 33, 855-861.
14) Inomata, N., Ishihara, T. & Akaike, N. (1988) Effects of diuretics on GABA-gated chloride current in frog isolated sensory neurones. Brit. J. Pharmacol., 93, 679-683.
15) Juhn, S. K., Rybak, L. P., Morizono, T. & Green, T. P. (1981) Pharmacokinetics of furosemide in relation to the alteration of endocochlear potential. Scand. Audiol., Suppl., 14, 39-49.
16) Kehoe, J. (1972a) Ionic mechanisms of two-component cholinergic inhibition in Aplysia neurons. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 225, 85-114.
17) Kehoe, J. (1972b) Three acetylcholine receptors in Aplysia neurons. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 225, 115-146.
18) Matsumoto, M. (1982) The voltage-dependent nature of the GABA-induced conductance change recorded from the ganglion cell of Aplysia. Jap. J. Physiol., 32, 55-67.
19) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Somei, K. & Sato, M. (1980a) Effects of onium derivatives on Na-, Cl-, and K-dependent acetylcholine receptors. Jap. J. Physiol., 30, 729-742.
20) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Somei, K. & Sato, M. (1980b) Dose-inhibition curve and its application to the analysis of ACh-receptor activity. Jap. J. Physiol., 30, 743-750.
21) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Shozushima, M. & Sato, M. (1986) Desensitization of Cl^--dependent GABA response observed in ganglion cells of Aplysia. Jap. J. Physiol., 36, 349-358.
22) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Sato, M., Shozushima, M. & Takashima, K. (1988) Dopamine-induced depolarizing responses associated with negative slope conductance in LB-cluster neurones of Aplysia. J. Physiol. (Lond.), in press.
23) Nicoll, R. A. (1978) The blockade of GABA mediated responses in the frog spinal cord by ammonium ions and furosemide. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 283, 121-132.
24) Sato, M., Austin, G., Yai, H. & Maruhashi, J. (1968) The ionic permeability changes during acetylcholine-induced responses of Aplysia ganglion cells. J. gen. Physiol., 51, 321-345.
25) Scappaticci, K. A., Dretchen, K. L., Carpenter, D. O. & Pellmar, T. C. (1981) Effects of furosemide on neural mechanism in Aplysia. J. Neurobiol., 12, 329-341.
26) Shozushima, M. (1984) Blocking effect of serotonin on inhibitory dopamine receptor activity of Aplysia ganglion cells. Jap. J. Physiol., 34, 225-243.
27) Yarowsky, P. J. & Carpenter, D. O. (1978) Receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on Aplysia neurons. Brain Res., 144, 75-94.

Right : 1) Brown, R. D. (1973) Ototoxicity caused by ethacrynic acid and furosemide. Minerva otolaryng., 22, 213-221.
2) Brown, R. D. (1975) Comparison of the cochlear toxicity of sodium ethacrynate, furosemide and cysteine adduct of sodium ethacrynate in cats. Toxicol. appl. pharmacol., 31, 270-282.
3) Candia, O. A. (1973) Short-circuit current related to active transport of chloride in frog cornea: Effect of furosemide and ethacrynic acid. Biochim. biophys. Acta, 298, 1011-1014.
4) Candia, O. A., Schoen, H. F., Low, L. & Podos, S. M. (1981) Chloride transport inhibition by piretanide and MK-196 in bullfrog corneal epithelium. Amer. J. Physiol., 240, F 25-F 29.
5) Frazier, W. T., Kandel, E. R., Kupfermann, I., Waziri, R. & Coggeshall, R. E. (1967) Morphological and functional properties of identified neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica, J. Neurophysiol., 30, 1288-1351.
6) Gallagher, J. P., Nakamura, J. & Gallagher, P. S. (1983) The effects of temperature, pH and Cl-pump inhibitors on GABA responses recorded from cat dorsal root ganglia. Brain Res., 267, 249-259.
7) Greger, R. & Schlatter, E. (1981) Presence of luminal K, a prerequisite for active NaCl transport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch., 392, 92-94.
8) Greger, R. & Schlatter, E. (1983a) Properties of the basolateral membrane of the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch., 396, 325-334.
9) Greger, R. & Schlatter, E. (1983b) Cellular mechanism of the action of loop diuretics on the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Klin. Wschr., 61, 1019-1027.
10) Greger, R., Schlatter, E. & Lang, F. (1983) Evidence for electroneutral sodium chloride cotransport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch., 396, 308-314.
11) Gruol, D. & Weinreich, D. (1979) Two pharmacologically distinct histamine receptors mediating membrane hyperpolarization on identified neurons of Aplysia californica. Brain Res., 162, 281-301.
12) Guggino, W. B., Stanton, B. A. & Giebisch, G. (1982) Electrical properties of isolated early distal tubule of the amphiuma kidney. Fed. Proc., 41, 1597.
13) Hoshi, T., Kuramochi, G. & Yoshitomi, K. (1983) Lumen-positive chloride transport potential in early distal tubule of triturus kidney: Its absolute dependence on thepresence of Na⁺ and K⁺ in the luminal fluid. Jap J. Physiol., 33, 855-861.
14) Inomata, N., Ishihara, T. & Akaike, N. (1988) Effects of diuretics on GABA-gated chloride current in frog isolated sensory neurones. Brit. J. Pharmacol., 93, 679-683.
15) Juhn, S. K., Rybak, L. P., Morizono, T. & Green, T. P. (1981) Pharmacokinetics of furosemide in relation to the alteration of endocochlear potential. Scand. Audiol., Suppl., 14, 39-49.
16) Kehoe, J. (1972a) Ionic mechanisms of two-component cholinergic inhibition in Aplysia neurons. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 225, 85-114.
17) Kehoe, J. (1972b) Three acetylcholine receptors in Aplysia neurons. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 225, 115-146.
18) Matsumoto, M. (1982) The voltage-dependent nature of the GABA-induced conductance change recorded from the ganglion cell of Aplysia. Jap. J. Physiol., 32, 55-67.
19) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Somei, K. & Sato, M. (1980a) Effects of onium derivatives on Na-, Cl-, and K-dependent acetylcholine receptors. Jap. J. Physiol., 30, 729-742.
20) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Somei, K. & Sato, M. (1980b) Dose-inhibition curve and its application to the analysis of ACh-receptor activity. Jap. J. Physiol., 30, 743-750.
21) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Shozushima, M. & Sato, M. (1986) Desensitization of Cl^--dependent GABA response observed in ganglion cells of Aplysia. Jap. J. Physiol., 36, 349-358.
22) Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, K., Sato, M., Shozushima, M. & Takashima, K. (1988) Dopamine-induced depolarizing responses associated with negative slope conductance in LB-cluster neurones of Aplysia. J. Physiol. (Lond.), in press.
23) Nicoll, R. A. (1978) The blockade of GABA mediated responses in the frog spinal cord by ammonium ions and furosemide. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 283, 121-132.
24) Sato, M., Austin, G., Yai, H. & Maruhashi, J. (1968) The ionic permeability changes during acetylcholine-induced responses of Aplysia ganglion cells. J. gen. Physiol., 51, 321-345.
25) Scappaticci, K. A., Dretchen, K. L., Carpenter, D. O. & Pellmar, T. C. (1981) Effects of furosemide on neural mechanism in Aplysia. J. Neurobiol., 12, 329-341.
26) Shozushima, M. (1984) Blocking effect of serotonin on inhibitory dopamine receptor activity of Aplysia ganglion cells. Jap. J. Physiol., 34, 225-243.
27) Yarowsky, P. J. & Carpenter, D. O. (1978) Receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on Aplysia neurons. Brain Res., 144, 75-94.

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Abstract

Effects of Furosemide (FM) on the ionic channels in the ganglion cells of Aplysia were investigated using a conventional electrophysiological method. Application of 1 mM FM for 30 min did not alter the resting membrane potential or conductance. Na⁺-dependent responses to acetylcholine (ACh) were slightly depressed but Cl^--dependent responses to ACh and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were markedly depressed by FM. On the other hand, K⁺-dependent responses to ACh and dopamine (DA), and cyclic adenosine-3', 5' monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent response to DA were not appreciably altered by 1 mM FM. The depressing effects of FM on both Na⁺-and Cl^--dependent responses were due to the non-competitive inhibition of their receptor activities. It was concluded that 1 mM FM can change neither Na⁺-K⁺-pump nor Cl^--pump mechanisms in the ganglion cells of Aplysia, but it depresses the receptor-operated Na⁺-and Cl^--channel activities, the greater effect on the open Cl^--channels. In addition, it was postulated that FM effect may be highly specific to the open state of Cl^--channels regardless of whether the membrane is excitable or not.

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