抄録
This article is based on the cross-cultural investigation of attitudes toward education and physically disabled persons under the supervision of Dr. John E. Jordan, Professor of Michigan State University. In consequence of his request for the co-operation in Japan, we translated the set of questionaire and gathered responses of designated occupation groups as follows. Dr. William Conrad Cessna, Asbury Theological Seminary, Wilmore, Kentucky, who investigated these data for his doctoral dissertation, sent us this article. We translated in brief for him, because he is not a member of Japanese Association of Special Education. Variables of the study Attitudes Toward Physical Disability. 15 of the 20 attitude items are statements of differences between disabled persons and those not disabled. Attitudes Toward Education. A relationship between progressive attitudes toward education and positive attitudes toward education and positve attitudes toward physical disability in Asian countries. The Intensity Scales. To ascertain intensity of attitudes. Interpersonal Values. To measure "asset" orientation to others and "comparative" orientation to others. Personal Contact Variables. 4 items were related to educational contact, 9 to contact with physically disabled, 1 with mentally retarded, 1 with emotionally disturbed. Religiosity. 3 questions were oriented toward religion, the degree of conformity to the rules of his religion. Institutional Satisfaction. Whether respondents would be satisfied with the institutions (schools, business, labor, government, health services, religion) in doing their particular job. Change orientation. Attitudes toward change Attitudes toward change in such areas as health practices, child rearing practices, birth control, automation, political leadership and self change. Collection of Data The following instruments were administered: 1. Definitions of Disability 2. Attitudes Toward Education 3. The Survey of Interpersonal Values 4. The Personal Questionaire 5. Attitudes Toward Handicapped Persons 6. The Personal Questionaire-Handicapped Persons Research Population Occupational Groups Number Special Education and Rehab ilitation (SER",Group 50 Elementary and Secondary Education Teachers (E) Group 41 Manager/Executive (M) Group (includes 50 Government Executives) 84 Laborer (both white and blue collar) (L) Group 36 Total 113 males and 98 females 211 Summary The significant findings of this study may be summarized in the following statements: 1. High frequency of contact resulted in high intencity scores for attitudes toward disabled per sons. 2. High frequency of contact with disabled persons, if accompanied with alternative rewarding opportunities, enjoyment of contact, and ease of avoidance of contact resulted in positive attitudes toward disabled persons. 3. High Leadership value scores resulted in high traditional attitude toward education. 4. High Recognition value scores were not related to the attitude scores.
