音声評価プロジェクティブ法による盲人に対する意識についての一研究

抄録

(1) PURPOSE Several studies have been made on the attitudes toward the blind. On the whole, they found that verbalized attitudes toward the blind were mildly favarable, but deeper unverbalized attitudes were hostile. Furthermore, some investigators found that negative attitudes toward the blind correlated with authoritarian antiminority attitudes. However, it is doubtful for us that we treat the attitudes toward the blind and racial or relegious prejudices without discrimination. Because, there are differnces in their size, socio-economic situation and cultural background. The present investigation was to determine the attitudes toward the blind and to compare with racial or religious prejudices. (2) METHOD Procedure Tape recordings were made of the voices of three male university students. They read the same story. At first, the 3 voices were presented to Ss with the instruction those are voices of the blind. Two weeks after, those voices were presented once more to Ss, but then, with the instruction those were of the seeing. Of course, Ss were not told that they were going to hear the same 3 voices again. The study was introduced as an experimental investigation of the extent to which people's judgments about a speaker were determined by his voice. Ss were given a response sheet for each voice which directed them to rate each of 15 traits on 7 point scales. The traits used were: ambitious-not ambitious, interesting-boring, brave-cowardly, handsome-ugly, intellectual-ignorant, honest-dishonest, smart-stupid, kind-cruel, dependable-undependable, leader-follower, mature-immature, sociable-unsociable, happy-sad popular-unpopular, hard working-lazy. The favorable end of each bipolar scale was assigned a score of 7, and the unfavorable end a score of 1. It was predicted that the differences in the favorableness of any S's evaluations of the blind and the seeing guises of speakers would reflect his attitudes toward the blind and the seeing. Importance of traits Ss were asked to choose five most desirable traits and five least desirable traits in terms of their desirableness in friends. Subjects 83 male high school students. (3) RESULTS For each S on each of 15 traits the scores of the blind and the seeing guises of each speaker were noted, and these scores then were summed over the 3 speaker and over Ss. Ss evaluated the following 4 traits significantly more favorable for the blind than for the seeing guises: intellectual (t=2.2784), honest (t=4.6830), kind (t=4.6751), and hard working (t=3.7839), and ?the following 4 traits significantly more unfavorabe: interesting (t=-3.0033), leader (t=-2.2120), sociable (t=-4.5709), and happy (t=-7.8288). For each S two total scores were obtained, one for the 5 traits judged most desirable and one for the 5 traits judged least desirable, by noting the difference in evaluations of the blind and the seeing guises for each set of traits. Ss evaluated the blind guises to be more favorable in the sense of desirable traits (t=1.5776), and more unfavorable on undesirable traits (t=-1.7586). (4) DISCUSSION The attitudes of the seeing toward the blind differ from unfavorable feeling, hatred or hostility of the majority group members toward the minority group members in racial or religious prejudices. As can be seen in the evaluation of favorableness to the blind guises for socialy desirable traits, the attitudes toward the blind seem to be very favorable. However, when we take into consideration the fact that the blind guises are estimated as being sad and unsociable, we may well wonder whether this favorableness based on real recognition about the blind and their capacities. There is a possibility that these favorable attitudes are due to the seeing's generous appraisal in charity toward the blind as severely handicapped and pitiable one.