Specialized methods for targeted delivery of therapeutics to organs and tissues are becoming more critical as new drug modalities are being developed. Surgical techniques form the basis for such delivery methods. This presentation will focus on the surgical methods used to target delivery of different therapeutic types to the central and peripheral nervous systems with an emphasis on spinal cord and ocular delivery techniques. Descriptions and case studies will be used to provide an overview of these methods, which can be technically demanding, but critical to the nonclinical safety assessment of many exciting new pharmaceutical products.