Malaysia faces significant challenges in toxicology due to industrialization, agricultural practices, environmental pollution, and consumer product safety. Exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, mycotoxins, and emerging pollutants such as microplastics poses risks to both human health and ecosystems. For instance, the illegal chemical waste dumping incident at Sungai Kim Kim, Johor in 2019 garnered national attention due to its impact on thousands of school children, causing symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, shortness of breath, and myokymia due to exposure to toxic chemicals. Additionally, the effects of climate change and urbanization intensify these issues, demanding urgent and sustainable solutions.This presentation will explore the key toxicological concerns in Malaysia and propose strategies to address them. The focus will be on enhancing regulatory frameworks, adopting New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), and applying the One Health approach for a comprehensive risk assessment. Promoting green chemistry, supporting public-private collaborations, and strengthening toxicology education are essential for improving safety and sustainability. Collaboration among multiple stakeholders is essential to developing holistic solutions that protect both human health and the environment in Malaysia.Keywords: toxicology, Malaysia, emerging pollutants, sustainability
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