A Study on Integrated Fares Considering Each Operator’s Financially Difference in Urban Railway in Japan

Abstract

Tokyo has one of the most high-density railway networks in the world. However, fare systems of urban railway are separated by operators and not integrated. Passengers must pay each boarding fare to each operator when they transfer trains. Some passengers use detour route. In this study, integrated distance based fare system is proposed. Before proposition, some solutions in other cities are examined and compared. In addition, the proposition is assessed. One of important findings is proposed fare system improves social and consumer surplus.