区切られる空間、見出される場所

――タイ海洋国立公園におけるモーケンの潜水漁に注目して――

抄録

  Focusing on the case of the Moken in Thailand, this paper aims to depict how minority group try to secure a place for their foraging in the hunting prohibited space. The Moken are a nomadic seafaring people who have traditionally migrated from island to island by boat. However, almost all of them have settled down on islands and in coastal areas permanently in consequence of a series of the national parks declarations in the 1980s. The Moken of the Surin Islands were confronted with great difficulty in foraging sea creatures, especially sea cucumber, due to the marine national park regulations. To make matters worse, the number of sea cucumber have been on a sharp decline as a result of boats being donated by domestic and international aid organizations after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. Because the increasing of those boats have caused intensive competition in fishing activities among the Moken. In contrast with the past, the national park staff in Surin Islands started to strictly control Moken's sea cucumber harvest. Although national park staff verbally order the Mo ken to refrain from fishing activity, the Moken continue to conduct their sea harvest by introducing new fishing equipment such as long-shafted harpoons and air compressors, albeit away from the purview of the authorities.