Domestic market product of “Wild Ginger” can variously be attributed to Asiasarum Sieboldi F. Maekawa, Asia. dimidiatum F. Maekawa, Heterotropa Blumei F. Maekawa, H. nipponica F. Maekawa, H. hexaloba var. perfecta F. Maekawa and H. subglobosa F. Maekawa. The macro- and microscopic features of rhizomes and roots of this vegetable drug and its allied plants were studied pharmacognostically, and important differences (e.g. diameter of the root, number of oil-cells and the occurrence of fiber) among them are discussed.