From the ether extract of the fruits of Paederia chinensis HANCE, 1.5% oleanolic acid, triacontane, and hydroquinone were separated. Acetic acid, propionic acid, unsaturated fatty acid, phenol, butyraldehyde, and terpenealdehyde were isolated from the distillate of steam distillation of the plant. Arubutine was found from the hot-water extract of the plant. The amount of arubutine in the fruits is proved to be 0.69, and 0.86% in the dried leaves. Neutral oil has a unique odor of this plant and the odor disappears when the oil is treated with potassium hydroxide solution.