We reviewed the literature on basic psychological correlates of the well-known phenomenon of the location-distance interference in motor short-term memory (Kerr, 1978 ; Walsh, Russell, Imanaka, & James, 1979). The location-distance interference in motor short-term memory has frequently been demonstrated as an unavoidable interference phenomenon observed in the reproduction of movement location and distance in arm positioning. The most important aspect of this phenomenon is that even when a subject concentrates on a specific cue (i.e., either end-location or distance) the other cue is also coded unintentionally and, as a result, the reproduction movement guided on the basis of the specific cue is unavoidably influenced by the other nonspecific cue. In thls review article, we first reviewed the literature on the basic theories and nature of shortterm memory, particularly on the limited processing capacity. We then referred to the unlimited, automatic processing in visual-verbal domains, referring to the Stroop phenomenon. Finally, in conjunction with the notion of automatic processing, we examined the possible aspects of information processing which may be responsible for mediating the location-distance interference in motor short-term memory.

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Changes in relations between surface electromyogram (EMG) and fatigue level estimated by fatigue sensation were studied during repeated fatigu{ng static contractions. Six male subjects performed elbow flexion of 13-15%MVC. Contractions were repeated 5 times (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5) with 5min intervals of rests. The contractions continued until the onset of fatigue sensation such as obvious pain or considerable tiredness. Bipolar surface EMGS were recorded from 6 synergists of elbow flexors. Mean amplitude (AEMG) and relative power spectrum (RPW) of EMG were calculated. Partial correlatlon coefficients between time, AEMG, and RPW during each contraction were calculated. AEMG increased with time. EMG spectrum shifted towards lower frequencies with time. The correlations between AEMG and RPW were negative below 60Hz. AEMG and RPW were compared between C1 and C2-C5 being related with fatigue sensations. The changes in AEMG and EMG spectrum with the repeated contractions were similar to those with the development of fatigue. The increases in AEMG with the repeats were seen in most synergists in 4 subjects. Though EMG roughly reflected the fatigue during work, the changes of EMG were thought to include active adaptation to work.

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The relationships of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting insulin (IRI) were investigated in healthy employed men (n=235). In simple correlation analysis, the SHBG was positively related to total cholesterol and HDL-C, and negatively related to IRI. There were no relationships among SHBG, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose. In multiple linear regression analysis, SHBG was one of determi-nant of HDL-C, but not IRI. From these results, it was suggested that SHBG was one of the determinants of HDL-C Ievel in healthy men.

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