This study examines the quaint phenomenon where the Taiwanese people worship the spirits of their former Japanese colonizers as gods (henceforth referred to as “Japanese gods”). Japanese gods have received little attention in the study of religion in Taiwan. They are rarely featured in books that list Taiwan’s temples and gods and in local chorography. Furthermore, there are only a handful of research papers on Japanese gods. This study investigates the phenomenon of deifying Japanese spirits from three aspects. First, it extracts common features of 36 different Japanese gods from the 49 identified temples. The research group organized by the author is the first to clarify the complete picture of Japanese gods after conducting comprehensive field research. Second, the reason why the Japanese are enshrined as gods in Taiwan is studied by comparing the abovementioned characteristics with those of the gods in Taiwanese folk beliefs. Finally, Japanese gods are analyzed in relation to Japanese colonial rule. The belief that enshrines the Japanese spirits is an arena where the post-coloniality of Taiwanese people and the post-imperiality of Japanese people intersect and negotiate with each other’s diverse assessments and recognition of Japan.

抄録全体を表示

This paper examines the processes through which systems for controlling immigration and the movement of people were introduced in Singapore from the beginning of colonization up to World War I. Specifically, these processes are divided into three categories: (1) introduction of a quarantine system, (2) introduction of an immigration and immigrant control system under the pretext of protecting workers, and (3) enactment of the Exclusion Ordinance of 1905 and related ordinances. By focusing on these three processes, it reveals that this gradual development also meant that Singapore switched from its policy of broadly accepting immigrants based on the laissez-faire principle. It also examines the characteristics of these processes in comparison with migration and immigration systems in other regions.

抄録全体を表示

本稿的试图展示中华民国史研究当中中国穆斯林史研究的重要性与研究意义。首先，本稿将介绍近20年来日本关于中国穆斯林史的研究动向。其中考察中日战争时期穆斯林的研究也是日本的中国穆斯林研究领域的主要课题之一。其次，作为中华民国时期中国穆斯林史研究的具体事例，亦会介绍中日战争时期的中国穆斯林团体。本稿将以此为基础，试图重现中国穆斯林和中华民国之间的关系。本稿之所以选择中日战争时期，是因为对中华民国时期的穆斯林而言，中日战争的爆发正是他们与国家的关系发生变化的一个转折时期。

抄録全体を表示

This study focuses on municipal doctors and examines the emergence of “state medicine” in the modern Ottoman Empire. The establishment of local medical and sanitary organizations proceeded as an inseparable part of the reorganization of the new provincial system. Municipalities established in each administrative unit became the center of public health measures, and doctors trained at the new civilian medical school (1867) were appointed to each municipality. The percentage of municipal doctors employed in each region of Aydın Province gradually increased, from 40% in 1880 to 50% in 1890, and then to 80% in 1900. Hence, the turn of the 20th century signaled a time of change in the spread of state medicine in the modern Ottoman Empire. When the number of municipal doctors began to increase in the 1890s, significant efforts to improve the local sanitation administration also accelerated. These included the development of laws related to smallpox vaccination and food hygiene, employment and training of auxiliary personnel such as vaccinators and chemical inspectors, production of domestic vaccines, and development of chemical testing facilities.

抄録全体を表示

This paper attempts to elucidate urban development in the southern bank of Azbakiyya Pond and Bāb al-Lūq, the western outskirts of al-Qāhira, during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, by examining relevant descriptions of Mabāhij al-ikhwān written by Ibn al-ʻAjamī, a contemporary historian working as a weigher in Ottoman Cairo. According to Ibn al-ʻAjamī, the southern bank of Azbakiyya Pond was characterized as “Kafr al-Azbakiyya,” and construction of residences by wealthy citizens and the civilian elites drove urban growth there, prompting the migration of retailers, craftsmen, and others. Regarding Bāb al-Lūq, the establishment of tanneries by Ottoman court eunuchs deserves attention during this period, although in its initial stage there were efforts of a military officer to obtain an imperial decree for improving his own living conditions. Ibn al-ʻAjamī also portrays the dark side of urban development by the eunuchs, criticizing one of them heavily, which to some extent reflected the views of ordinary residents of Cairo at that time.

抄録全体を表示