This study investigated grandparents’ co-parenting styles in child-rearing and its association to the well-being of 525 mothers with children aged 12-24 months in a Chinese city, using a questionnaire survey method. It confirmed that more than 70% of grandparents are taking part in the early child-rearing at the present day. About 63% of young families with young children live together with grandparents, and about 14% of young families live near grandparents within 30 minutes walking distance. The results of this study identified that living distance is an important factor in mothers’ quality of life (QOL). Those mothers who lived together with or near grandparents showed a higher QOL than those who live far from grandparents. However, further comparison analysis results indicate that those who live within walking distance but do not live together or very nearby had the highest scores in psychological/social/environment/total QOL. Meanwhile, those living together with grandparents reported more generational conflicts during daily life, which had a negative relationship with the mothers’ QOL. No significant difference was found in mothers’ QOL and generational conflicts between the mothers living together with paternal grandparents and those with maternal ones.

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In Tangerang City, as an effect of urban expansion, the emergence of slum settlements and the size of the housing backlog has increased. In order to mitigate this, the local government has developed subsidized apartments known as Rusunawa and expects the slum residents to move there. Housing relocation mainly consists of three determinant factors; housing satisfaction, willingness to move, and the event of the actual move itself. The objective of this study is to fill the gap between willingness to move and actually moving by exploring how far the effect of housing satisfaction, along with other sets of variables from physical and social attributes, can predict the willingness to move and the actual move from the perspective of the slum residents as the prospective relocators and the existing residents of the Rusunawa.

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