To investigate the opportunities for mutual help in community care based on the relationships among people in Iida-city, we conducted a study on the actual situation of "Yui", by interviewing 19 people in 12 districts in the suburbs.
　The results show that "Yui", which is the system for mutual provision of a labor force, was the normal system in Iida-city in the past, especially in agriculture. At present, while "Yui" has decreased, it is still used in ceremonial occasions and in some agricultural work. At present, the relationships among people are established through "Yui", public and civil associations, cooperative work, popular events, relatives and family. However, the relationships among people are changing, including the decline of "Yui", transformations in agriculture and work, and changes in community and family relations. In addition, there is the potential that in the future, mutual help will become even more difficult, and a new form of organization to support human relationships in the community is desired.
　In Iida-city, "Yui" still exists, and the relationships among people are based on a mixture of "Yui" and other elements. In addition, the relationships among people have changed together with the times and with changes in community life. Today, people desire an organization for mutual help and a place to establish relationships between different generations, as a means for supporting human relationships in the community.

　Background: The number of patients with diabetes is increasing globally, and prevention of diabetes has become a major issue. In order to support the promotion of self-care among individuals with prediabetes, who are asymptomatic, it was considered necessary to clarify their awareness of their own body rather than focusing only on the perspective of health providers. Moreover, body awareness is thought to be influenced by culture.
　Objective: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the body awareness among Japanese individuals with prediabetes and to obtain suggestions through discussions from cultural and nursing perspectives.
　Methods: A group interview and questionnaire survey were conducted after participation in a diabetes prevention workshop for Japanese men and women at risk of diabetes selected by convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using the qualitative synthesis method (KJ method).
　Results: A total of 10 individuals (two men and eight women; mean age, 62.5 years) participated in the study. Their body awareness included the following factors: "understanding of effects on the body", "prediction of diabetes and related impairment", "inheritance of blood, health, and diabetes", "understanding of own physical health and interest in overcoming weaknesses", "judgment based on indices and the resulting effect on motivation", "physical development in daily living occurs naturally", and "uncertainty of physical health".
　Discussion: The body awareness elucidated herein was thought to reflect various cultural influences, both historically and socially. In addition, from a nursing perspective, the results suggested that the subjects' awareness had a hierarchical structure, which warrants further investigation.

　Our study aims to understand the recognition of foreign nurses from viewpoint of the cultures, especially how they recognize about the medical place and the foreign cultural background. We interviewed six foreign nurses through open-end-interview and used qualitative and inductive method. The results of analysis categorize the category "recognition based on culture about relation in the organization", "acquisition of nursing skill based on understanding of national culture", and "acquisition of adapting skill to organization culture". Since the foreign nurses experience cross-national culture and cross-organization culture at the medical place, it shows that they recognize the importance on smooth relations of their patients and the fellow workers at medical places. And it also shows that they try to assimilate into organization culture of workplace actively. The assimilation into the organization culture at the medical place is related to understand other works each other tacitly, so that they can work smoothly. At the medical place, we think that the mutual understanding of national and organization culture is useful to promote sharing information between fellow workers and checking order and intention at medical place, and to avoid the medical accidents.

　This study aimed at developing a study program and study material for nurses that would encourage them to adopt Zhou's (2003) "Nursing Support Theory to Encourage Post-stroke Survivors' Self-development", and to implement and evaluate the program within the Japanese healthcare's organizational culture.
　[Purposes] The purposes of the study were: 1) to implement Zhou's theory in the nurses' study program, 2) to analyze the nurses' awareness during the program, and to verify the program from in term of the effectiveness of theoretical learning.
　[Method] The workbook, a study material, and the study program were developed that consisted of one shared learning session and three small sessions. The program was implemented at two hospital sites with acute rehabilitation units. A total of 36 nurses participated in the program. Properties of participants' awareness from 104 scenes were extracted, and their learning effects were analyzed based on the Zhou's theory.
　[Findings and Discussion] The following changes in participants were identified: diversification in understanding survivors, diversification of nursing intevention, and changes in nursing practice behaviors. It was suggested that Zhou's theory contributed to the establishment of the nurse participants' professional identities. Furthermore, it was revealed that the terms in Zhou's theory and a thinking process were established among the nurse participants, which led to smooth information exchange and documentation. The workbook and the study program were developed to clarify the meaning of nursing practice through the application of Zhou's theory. Therefore, the participants were able to put their practice in meaningful context. In future, the nursing management system will require continuously revision in order to keep up with the progress in nurses' abilities in the process of theoretical learning.