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The current research investigated depth information contained in the representation of apparently moving 3-D objects. We measured the magnitude of representational momentum (RM) as index of the consistency of object's shape. Experiment 1A found that RM magnitude was higher when shaded convex moving objects shifted to a flat circle than when that shifted to a shaded concave hemisphere. This difference diminished in the case that the moving objects were the concave (Experiment 1B). Experiment 2 confirmed that these results did not stem from luminance information of shading using luminance-polarized circles. Moreover, Experiment 3 showed that RM magnitude was higher when the convex moving objects shifted to blurred convex hemispheres with low-pass filters than when that shifted to the concave hemispheres. The results suggest that internal representations contain incomplete depth information intermediate between those of 2-D and 3-D objects especially for convexity with low-spatial frequency dominance properties in apparent motion.

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The aim of this paper was to investigate tendency of naming color name to object color. Participant was asked to name from 11 alternatives for each of 202 object color by "Hyojun-shoku card 202" (Nihon-Shikiken, 1988).

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Sasaoka et al.(2005) showed that active exploration of 3-D object views facilitated subsequent object recognition performance. We investigated neural substrates contributing to this facilitation using MEG. The MEG data was recorded while participants performed a matching task in which two 3-D object views related by rotation were serially presented. There were two recording sessions. Before the second session, participants in the Active group actively explored 3-D object views. Participants in the Passive group observed a replay of the active exploration. In 200-400ms after the second view onset, an equivalent current dipole was estimated in the left intraparietal sulcus for most of the participants. In the second session, the RMS of all channels on the left hemisphere in that period decreased for the Active group. This tendency was clear when the angular distance between two views was large. These results suggested that active exploration affected the activation in the left IPS.

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In the current study we present two experiments in which we ask Japanese and North American participants to draw sociograms which includes a circle representing themselves and a series of circles representing their friends. Three studies suggested that Japanese and North Americans differ in the way in which they create a symbolic representation of their friends. Within these symbolic representations of the self and others, North Americans exhibited self-enhancement by drawing the self as much larger than their friends. Japanese, however, draw the circle representing themselves and their friends as almost identical in size. Cognition of the self and interpersonal relationships will be discussed.

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Causal attribution theory of achievement (Weiner, 1985) has been influential in a wide range of areas in psychology. However, despite its prevalence, the underlying mechanism is not yet revealed. In this study, cognitive components of causal attribution for achievement were examined through two experiments, using the dual task procedure to separate automatic from controlling processing. Results consistently support the author's hypothesis that when people fail, the ability attribution is automatically instigated. Implications for the studies of attributional retraining were discussed.

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This study aims to examine 1) whether context effect upon judgments on categories of facial expressions will be found, 2) whether difference between the effects upon judgment with different intensities exists, and 3) whether the effect differs in the congruence between facial expression and emotional state suggested by the context. Short stories describing situations the target persons experienced were used as context information, and neutral, smile, and anger faces of different intensities were used as target stimuli. Result showed that smiling faces were not affected by context information unless the intensity is low. Context effect was found upon anger faces regardless of intensity. Differences between smile and anger regarding their semantic and physiognomic characters will be discussed.

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This study investigates the situation when a driving car collides with another object such as a person suddenly appearing from either right or left side of the driver's viewing field: which side is slower to detect and the effect of surrounding objects on the driver's detection time. The results show that the driver's detection time delays only when an object appears from the far left side. Also, as the number of surrounding objects increases the detection of objects appearing from the far left side becomes increasingly difficult. From this result, we conclude that in terms of the collision probability the sudden appearing of objects further from a driving car can be more dangerous than the object appearing nearer to the car.

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In this study, the relationship between several personality traits and individual differences in spatial control of attention was explored. Using the Posner's spatial cuing paradigm, in which peripheral cue was given by increasing brightness of one of the place-holder boxes and central cue was given with an arrow pointing to the target box. The cue validities for these two cuing conditions were both 50%. Personality scales used were NEO-FFI, Sensation-Seeking, and Life-Orientation Scales. The following results were found: 1) high Neuroticism group showed larger inhibition of return (IOR) at SOA 800 ms, 2) high Conscientious Group showed larger IOR at SOA 450ms, 3) high Experimental Seeking group were faster in overall RTs, 4) high Thrill-and-Adventure Seeking group showed smaller IOR at SOA 450ms. Implications of these findings will be discussed in the report.

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