THE JOURNAL OF HOKKAIDO ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY

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To determine details of the habits of lip sealing in primary school children in the orthodontic clinic, a questionnaire was administered and examination of the habits and the force of lip sealing was made. The investigated subjects were 33 primary school children (9 boys, 24 girls) (7-12 years old, average age 10.1 years old). The results were summarized as follows : 1. The questionnaire survey showed that 58% of the children did not commonly keep their lips sealed, 79% of children opened their lips when watching television. In addition, among the children who were examined by the otolaryngologist, 65% had nose complaint symptoms. 2. The observations of lip sealing showed that 52% of children opened their lips unconsciously within 3 minutes. In addition, conscious lip sealing for 3 minutes was achieved by 65% of the 17 children whose the lips opened unconsciously. Further, the lip sealing time extended when conscious. From this, it is suggested that the habits of lip sealing could be influenced by active awareness. 3. The mean of the force of lip sealing established was : 9.6N in the group with lip sealing for 3 minutes achieved unconsciously, 8.6N in the group whose lip sealing for 3 minutes was achieved with consciously, 7.1N in the group whose lip sealing for 3 minutes was not achieved even in the conscious condition. The results indicate that children who do not consciously seal the lips for 3 minutes and whose force of lip sealing is weak, could overcome the difficulties in the habit of lip sealing by otolaryngological treatment or myofunctional therapy.

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To improve typical maxillary dental arch collapses and underdevelopment which were observed in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients, orthodontists frequently use maxillary lateral expansion appliances. Clinically, there seem to be differences of movement between segments of cleft sides and those of non-cleft sides. The current study investigated the three-dimensional morphological changes on the upper dental arch treated with the rapid maxillary lateral expansion in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients who had maxillary dental arch collapses and bilateral posterior crossbite. Two Japanese males (expanded at 16 years, 4 months of age and 16 years, 2 months of age) and 2 Japanese females (expanded at 15 years, 5 months of age and 15 years, 1 months of age) with unilateral cleft lip and palate were examined. In all cases, the upper dental arches had been expanded with fixed rapid expansion screw appliances in the permanent dentition stages, orthodontically. The whole surface of the upper and lower dental casts of all cases were measured and recorded by the non-contact three-dimensional shape measuring system before and after lateral expansion, respectively. In all cases, following the rapid maxillary lateral expansion, segments of cleft sides were moved more effectively than those of non-cleft sides. This finding may be related to the characteristic anatomical structures in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the educational situation around clinical training of dental hygienist students at Hokkaido University Hospital. A questionnaire survey was conducted with a total of 41 dental hygienist students from three training institutions for dental hygienists who had completed of orthodontic clinical training. The questionnaire was aimed to analyze the status of the educational program and to identify problems in the educational situation at the clinic of the authors as an educational facility. The following points were established. (1) Over 85% of the students were aware of the General Instructional Objectives (GIO) before clinical training, and also checked these during the training. (2) Over 80% of the students considered that they achieved the GIO and that Hokkaido University Hospital had provided adequate educational programs. (3) Over 85% of the students thought that instruction was "Intelligible" or "Somewhat intelligible" and that teaching materials were adequate. (4) Comments by satisfied students included "studying from many cases", "detailed instructions from the staff", "instruction from their own teachers", and similar. Among the dissatisfied responses were "There are few chances to learn the service of hygienist as it actually takes place", "short training period", and similar. (5) About 30% of the students met with some risky situation during the training. (6) Over 80% students had zeal for their occupation after training, while the remaining had a negative image.

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All patients who received an initial examination at Hokkaido University Hospital for the past 9 years were considered to be Sample 1, and the patients except for the referred patients were considered to be Sample 2. The findings about the statistical observation and the geographical characteristic of them were as follows : 1. The number of patients of Sample 1 and Sample 2 were 2,392 and 2,147. In Sample 1, the percentages of the patients with congenital anomalies and jaw deformities were 17.6% and 18.3% respectively. 2. In Sample 2, the ratio between males and females in the patients with congenital anomalies was 1:0.9, and the range of that in other groups was from 1:1.7 to 1:2. 3. In Sample 2, the 5-9 years-old patients were dominant in both gender groups, and the age layer of the male converged on younger and smaller range. However, the most frequent age layer in each group was various. 4. In Sample 2, the residence of most patients (87.7%) was distributed within a 50km radius. About 74.2% of the patients lived in Sapporo city. Some patients lived in 11 cities or towns distributed in a 200-300km radius. 5. Hokkaido University hospital does not contribute only for the medical care in the wide area but also has a characteristic as the local hospital.

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