Trehalose effectively preserves biological molecular structures under harsh environmental conditions. This study examined the protective effects of exogenous trehalose on pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) under salt stress. Ten-day-old pak choi seedlings were exposed to 150 mM NaCl with or without trehalose treatment. Trehalose treatment mitigated reductions in shoot and root weight, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities, as well as magnesium, potassium, sodium, soluble sugar, and soluble protein levels, and the potassium/sodium ratio. It also alleviated increases in malondialdehyde, superoxide radicals, and hydrogen peroxide compared with the control (0 mmol/L trehalose + 150 mmol/L NaCl). These findings suggest that exogenous trehalose treatment can mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress in pak choi.

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This study investigated the effects of protectant conditions on powder characteristics, viability and storage stability of Lactobacillus plantarum KT-2 produced by spray freeze drying (SFD), and compared the results with those from freeze drying (FD) and spray drying (SD). Whey protein isolate (WPI) and maltodextrin (MD) were used as protectants, with varying mixture ratios and addition levels. SFD powders exhibited uniform spherical morphology without cracks. Particle size increased with MD content and higher protectant amounts. Solubility and storability were superior to SD and comparable to FD. Although SFD resulted in higher KT-2 loss during SFD, its advantages in storability and some physical properties suggest potential applications for heat-sensitive materials.

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This study examines the passability of a novel arch-waist flexible chassis designed for hilly and mountainous terrain. Featuring a wheel-track composite structure and flexible hinge mechanism, the chassis allows independent movement between track and vehicle in the longitudinal plane, improving adaptability and stability. Experiments assessed vertical obstacle-crossing and trench-crossing performance. Results show the chassis crosses vertical obstacles up to 160 mm with horizontal tracks, increasing to 240 mm with pitch motion. It can cross trenches up to 363 mm wide when tracks are horizontal; wider trenches require pitch adjustment. These findings provide theoretical and practical guidance for designing adaptable agricultural machinery for complex terrains, advancing mechanization in mountainous regions.

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Meteorological data such as daily temperature, sunshine, precipitation, and wind speed in Korla from 1980 to 2011, as well as the geographic data of Xinjiang are selected to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of wintering frost damage, frost damage and strong wind disasters of Korla fragrant pears. The evaluation indicators for the impact of meteorological factors such as light, temperature and water on the growth of Korla fragrant pears are determined. A climate quality evaluation model is established to divide the quality of climate into four levels: excellent, superior, good and average. Quality climate certification is analyzed using the data from basic and regional automatic meteorological stations. The results can provide a foundation for sustainable and stable development of Korla.

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Mushroom farmers are struggling to evaluate the production using automatic sensor system for sustainable production. This study aimed to analyze effects under shock treatment on growth of Chamsong-I mushroom (Lentinula edodes) and to present significant results monitoring by surveillance camera system and indoor environmental factors recorded by IoT sensors. Statistical analysis was conducted by using ANOVA, random forest, and different regression model. The result revealed that mushrooms was actively grow in the morning and evening as well as change of indoor temperature, humidity and CO₂ concentration had specific influence on the growth in height and diameter of cap, stem and total height. These findings may provide information to mushroom farmers to develop their farming to smart-farming for sustainable production.

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New agricultural vehicle structure development is critical for agricultural automation. A simulation platform that can be used to validate the designed vehicle in digital space is a safe and efficient solution with low cost. Herein, a simulation platform for four-wheel tractor is constructed in Unity by combining a bicycle model and a simplified non-linear tire model. Based on the proposed model, different tires and center of mass positions were tested through simulation to design a stable vehicle. The results imply that the rear tires are more important for avoiding oversteer and center of mass should be placed at the rear part, demonstrating the potential for a safe, efficient and low-cost way to design vehicle structures in the Unity digital space.

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