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Article type: Cover
Pages
Cover1-
Published: 1996
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Article type: Appendix
Pages
App1-_viii_
Published: 1996
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Tsutomu Kodotani, Seiji Taki, Hirotaka Okabe, Shoichi Kai
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A01
Published: 1996
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We observed the specific structures of molecular alignments in the liquid crystal mixtures of nalkylcyanobiphenyl (mCB: m=8, 10 and 12) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substraies by a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). 8CB-10CB mixtures' alignments, which were quite different from already reported alignments for each monophase 8CB and 10CB, showed two types of alignments and packings of both molecules depending on the mixing rate of 8CB and 10CB. One was observed in the mixture with rather low mixing rate of 8CB in 10CB in which a unit structure was composed of two 8CB molecules and four 10CBs with bilayer conformation. Another formed a unit structure that consisted of four 8CBs and of six 10CB molecules in the mixture with rather high concentration of 8CB. No other combination was observed. 10CB-12CB mixtures also showed characteristic structueres.
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M. Shigeno, M. Suginoya
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A02
Published: 1996
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The Scanning Probe Microscope(SPM), invented bv Binnig et al. (1981), is onerable in a air, gas, liquid, or, vacuum state environment. The SPM used in the measurements was the Seiko Instruments SPI3700/SPA300 system. We wouid now like to report on study of the SPM(AFM, FFM) characteristics in relation to Polyimide Films from the viewpoint of system development.
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Takahiro Sakai, Koichiro Shirota, Yoshitaka Kinoshita, Toshiki Yamada, ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A03
Published: 1996
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The second-harmonic generation (SHG) intereferometry has been applied to determine the phase of SHG from an SH-active side-chain polyimide (PI) alignment layer with SH-active liquid crystal molecules evaporated on it. The phase difference between SH waves from the PI layer and from that with evaporated LC molecules monotonically increases with the increase of the evaporation time, while the SHG intensity turns to increase after an inital decrease. These two facts indicate a picture that LC molecules are adsorbed with an antiparallel polar orientation with respect to a polar side-chain orientation. The usefulness of this method to study the orientational relationship between an alignment layer and a LC monolayer on it is pointed out.
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Yasushi YAMAMOTO, Tohru ARAKI, Kotaro KAJIKAWA, Hisao ISHII, Yukio OUC ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A04
Published: 1996
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The long chain n-Alkanes are among the most fundamental of molecular series, and are interesting materials which exhibit various phase transition characters including the rotator phase. In this study, we have observed melting behaviour of the surface of n-Alkane by the surface sensitive NEXAFS (Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) technique. Sample used was the film of pentacontane (n-C
50H
102) evaporated on Cu substrate. Its vapor pressure is sufficiently low even in the liquid phase, making it possible to perform NEXAFS measurements in a high vacuum condition. We have found that an ordered structure exists up to 1.3℃ above the bulk melting point, where the molecular axes stand vertically to the liquid surface.
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Masaki SEI, Ikuko MORI, Kotaro KAJIKAWA, Yukio OUCHI, Kazuhiko SEKI, K ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A05
Published: 1996
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Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a powerful tool to estimate the orientation of liquid crystal (LC) molecules absorbed on a polyimide(PI) surface. However, with SH active PI, we need to separate SH signal of the LC molecules from that of the PI film. It is not necessary that the SH light from the PI film is spatially coherent, that causes the analysis difficult. To solve this problem, we propose an analysis which strictly treat the problem.
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Toshiyasu Tadokoro, Tomoyuki Fukazawa, Hirokazu Toriumi
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A06
Published: 1996
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A polarization modulated spectroellipsometer with time resolution of 1msec was used to analyze the dynamic response of 4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl(5CB) liquid orystals at the substrate surface as well as in the bulk. p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene(DAB) wags doped to monitor the dynamic behavior of 5CB molecules in the vicinity of the polyimide orienting layer using reflection ellipsometry. Compared to the results of transmission ellipsometry that monitors the behavior of bulk liquid crystals, reflection ellipsometry has much shorter relaxation time and essentially the same rise time. The fact that the rise time is same in both geometry indicates that the homogeneous-homeotropic transition occurs in a cooperative fashion. On the other hand, the difference in relaxation time indicates the presence of strong anchoring effect at the orienting layer.
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Shoichi KAI
Article type: Article
Session ID: SP1
Published: 1996
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Physics of pattern formation in weakly nonlinear regimes in the electrohydrodynamic instability of nematic liquid crystals is described. Depending on initial symmetries such as planar and homeotropic alignments, the observed pattern dynamics are obviously different. In order to clarify the nonlinear pattern dynamics the so-called Busse Balloons are obtained for both cases. For the planar case, the experimentally obtained balloon fits well with one theoretically expected. For the homeotoropic case however it does not fit at all and no theory expects it. This is due to appearance of the Goldstone mode.
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Norihisa KATAYAMA, Makio IWAHASHI, Takahiro SEKI, Naoki HAYASHI, Tatsu ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A08
Published: 1996
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Molecular orientatiota in liquid crystals (EC) pltoto-regulated by azobenzene derivative Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film has been studied by polarized infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The intensity change of each band obtained is reflected by homeotropic-planer reorientation and orientational order of the LC molecule. Measurements of polarized Raman spectra for the LC cell with various incident angle suggest that the Raman spectroscopy is useful for the investigation of in-plane orientation and orientational order parameter of the LC molecule.
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Tadashi Saitoh, Yasufumi Iimura, Michinori Nishikawa
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A09
Published: 1996
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Recently, we reported successful results of photo-alignmnent control of liquid crystals (LCs) with pretilt angle. But in these studies,the pretilt angle obtained was only 0.3°. In this paper, we present a new method to control LC alignment with pretilt angle. We succceed in obtaining a full range of pretilt angle from 0° to 90°.
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H. Akiyama, M. Kidowaki, K. Kudo, Y. Hayashi, K. Ichimura
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A10
Published: 1996
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A surface-assisted photoregulation of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) by linearly polarized light (LPL) was investigated for amorphous thin films of polymethacrylates attached to azobenzene derivatives. These azobenzenes were substituted at their p-position by cyclohexyl group and fluoride, and did not substituted. The dichroism of films was induced in all polymers by the irradiation with LPL, and dichroic ratios of substituted azobenzene polymers were higher than that of a non-substituted azobenzene polymer. It was suggested that bulky substituents suppress the thermal relaxation of the orientation of azobenzenes. However, the non-substituted azobenzene was the most effective for a photoregulation of LCs. This polymer induced a homogeneous aligmnent, even when a film was irradiated with LPL at a low exposure energy. It was considered that the structure of azobenzene is an important factor for photoregulating an LC alignment rather than the extent of dichroism of films.
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Masatoshi KIDOWAKI, Haruhisa AKIYAMA, Kazuaki KUDO, Shinya MORINO, Yuk ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A11
Published: 1996
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Recently, we have reported that in-plane alignment control of liquid crystals (LCs) is achieved by linearly-polarized-light-treated thin film of polymers having azobenzene side chains. In this work, two azobenzene containing polymers were used. One is a polymer substituted with azobenzene units through an ethylene group as a spacer. Another is a polymer with azobenzene side chains without a spacer. Thin films of these polymers were rubbed unidirectionally, and then the dichroic ratios of rubbed polymer films were investigated. Further, LC cells were fabricated by sandwiching an nematic LC doped with a dichroic dye between the rubbed polymer films and a lecithin treated glass plate. As a result, the direction of the alignment of azo-groups and LC molecules were in parallel with the rubbing direction for a polymer with an ethylene spacer. On the other hand, the alignment of azogroups and LC molecules were perpendicular to the rubbing direction for a polymer without a methylene spacer.
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Dong-Hae SUH, Kazuaki KUDO, Yuko HAYASHI, Kunihiro ICHIMURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A12
Published: 1996
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We reported that in-plane alignment of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) is induced by a thin film of poly-(methacrylate)s containing pendant benzylidendenephthalimidine units upon irradiation with a linearly polarized light (LPL). In this work, we have examined photochemical behavior and LC alignment ability for both LC cells fabricated after LPL irradiation and EC cells fabricated before LPL irradiation. Both LC cells showed in-plane orientation of LCs. For LC cells fabricated after LPL irradiation, values of order parameter monotonously increased and saturated on LPL irradiation. Hence, values of S had a maximum for LC cells fabricated after LPL irradiation. This difference in LPL-induced photochemical behavior may be due to the difference in an air/polymer interface and an LC/polymer interface.
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Takenori FUJIWARA, Kazuaki KUDO, Shinya MORINO, Yuko HAYASHI, Kunihiro ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A13
Published: 1996
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We have reported that anisotropic orientation of dichroic dye molecules is induced by a thin film of a poly(methacrylate) containing azobenzene units as side chains. A polymer film was exposed to linearly polarized light in order to induce anisotropic photoisomerization of azobenzene units. The anisotropic ordering of azobenzene was transferred to a uniaxial alignment of dye molecules by spin-coating of an aqueous solution of dye containing a surfactant. The orientation direction of dye molecules was the same as the direction of an electric vector of polarized light inducing the photoisomerization. In this work, we measured dichroic absorption spectra of oriented dye films with a microscopic spectrometer and observed their morphology with AFM and SEM. We found that order-parameters of microscopic regions are much superior to that of macroscopic ones. In-plane alignment control of dye molecules with various concentration of surfactant was also studied.
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Alexander V. Parfenov
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A14
Published: 1996
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The report is devoted to the some of image processing functions based on the physical mechanisms inherent to liquid crystal light modulators. The discussed preprocessing features make analog optical image processing more flexible and efficient allowing to perform more nontraditional operations.
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Hideo FUJIKAKE, Kuniharu TAKIZAWA, Hiroshi KIKUTI, Takanori FUJII, Mas ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A15
Published: 1996
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Electrically-controlled polarizers consiting of twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal (LC) cells with different twisting angles and a polarizing film are developed to cut undesirable polarized light reflecting from a glass plate and a surface of water for picking up images. A fabricated polarizer using 45° and 90° TN-LC cells, which rotate polaization direction of incident light with 0°, 45°, 90° or 135°, can eliminate more than 80% of polarized light for all polarization angles.
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Shogo Fujioka, Shin Masuda, Toshiaki Nose, Susumu Sato
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1A16
Published: 1996
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The UV cured liquid crystal (LC) microlens and optical waveguide are demonstrated by using a UV curable LC and their optical properties are investigated. Relatively good focusing properties can be obtained in the UV cured LC microlens. The molecular orientation properties of the UV cured optical waveguide are estimated by calculating from the cross sectional images of LC layer. The propagation loss of the optical waveguide is determined to be 23 dB/cm.
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Manabu KAWASAKI, Hirotsugu KIKUCHI, Tisato KAJIYAMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B01
Published: 1996
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When an a.c. electric field is applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal(FLC) sandwich cell with homogeneous alignment, the substrate oscillates in the direction perpendicular to both the smectic layer normal and the direction of an electric field. This phenomenon is called as an electromechanical effect. The purpose of this study is to develop a (liquid crystalline polymer/low molecular weight liquid crystal) composite system which possesses micro-actuating characteristics induced by the electromechanical effect of the FLC. The vibrational displacement of the substrate upon the application of an a.c. electric field was observed with a polarizing optical microscope. When an a.c. electric field with a saw wave was applied to the cell, the translational displacement was realized. This indicates that an asymmetric shear stresss was generated by the application of an a.c. electric field with a saw type wave which has a different speed in the polarity inversion. It is apparent that the composite system showed an electromechanical effect.
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K. Nakayama, M. Ozaki, K. Yoshino
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B02
Published: 1996
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Reversible smectic layer rotation by applying asymmetric voltage pulses has been investigated in the chiral smectic C phase. The smectic layer rotated over 180° and the rotation direction is dependent on the polarity of applied pulses and upon applying the exactly same pulses, the rotation direction of R-configuration is opposite to that of S-configuration. It is found that a threshold voltage exists in the smectic layer rotation in the chiral smectic C phase. Moreover, the layer rotation have been investigated even in the smectic A phase. In this case, the layer rotation is also reversible.
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M. Ozaki, K. Nakayama, K. Yoshino
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B03
Published: 1996
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DC electric field induced smectic layer rotation of a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) has been investigated. The smectic layer of FLC with a small amount of impurity can be rotated around the axis perpendicular to the glass substrates upon the application of dc voltage. This anomalous layer reorientation might be attributed to the flow due to the ionic impurity.
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Masaya MITSUISHI, Shinzaburo ITO, Masahide YAMAMOTO, Wolfgang KNOLL
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B04
Published: 1996
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We investigated the reorientation behavior of ferroelectric liquid crystal induced by an applied alternative elechic field by using time-resolved optical waveguide spectroscopy (TROWS). A fast response ferroelectric liquid crystal 3M2CPOOB was used in this study. This sample showed bookshelf geometry under high electric fields. When the sigh of the electric fields were changed, the director of 3M2CPOOB was also changed from one direction to the other. Time-resolved waveguide patterns were successfully obtained with a resolution of 1.0 μs. A dynamic model of coupled director and layer reorientation was proposed from the fiting of the transient waveguide patterns.
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Jin MATSUSHITA, Kouichi MIYACHI, Yoichi TAKANISHI, Ken ISHIKAWA, Hideo ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B05
Published: 1996
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We have observed hindered rotation of C=O in a homogeneously aligned cell in SmC
* of a FLC compound by polarized FT-IR. Since this compound contains keto, ester, and lactic acid groups, three C=O stretching peaks are observed. They show different dependences on the polarization rotation angle, indicating that three C=O stretching direction have different hindered directions with respect to the molecular long axis. By comparing the obtained data with the simulated results, we have determined the degree of hindrance and the hindered direction.
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N. Kageyama, N. miwa, M. Kimura, T. Akahane
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B06
Published: 1996
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Recentry, from the numerical calculations based on the continuom theory, we clarified that the dynamic response of the SSFLC(Surface Stabilized Ferrcelectric Liquid Crystal) was strongly affected by the dielectric biaxiality of FLCs. In order to evaluate the effect of the dielectric biaxiality, we measured the dielectric anisotropy of the FLC mixtures composed of estel-linkage LC for several frequency. Furthermore, we investigate the dependence of the dynamic response of the dielectric biaxiality experimentally.
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M. Ozaki, Y. Fuwa, K. Nakayama, K. Yoshino, T. Tani, K. Fujisawa
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B07
Published: 1996
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The sign inversion of spontaneous polarization has been found in a binary mixture of ferroelectric liquid crystals which don't exhibit any anomaly in Ps by themselves.
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A. Mochizuki, T. Makino, H. Shiroto, Y. Kiyota, T. Yoshihara
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B08
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2018
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Polarization switching behaviors in a polymer-ferroelectric liquid crystal complex are investigated using a chevron geometry ferroelectric liquid crystal material and a UV curable origomer. After the UV exposure, the liquid crystal molecular alignment is significantly improved. The polarization switching bahavior after the UV exposure indicates that the polarization structure is somewhat suppressed. This suppression is thought to induce more critical threshold in an electro-optical properties.
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Takeo FURUKAWA, Osamu UCHINOKURA, Toyotaka SERIZAWA, Yoshiyuki TAKAHAS ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B09
Published: 1996
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The main-chain liquid crystalline polyester BB-6/BB-4
*(2-Me) has been examined by means of dielectric measurements both in linear and nonlinear regimes. In the S_c^* phase (50-140℃) the Goldstone mode relaxation and D-E hysteresis loop are observed which substantiates its ferroelectric nature These exist additional dielectric relaxation Which are attributed to segmental motion yields a T_g of 20℃. It is concluded that the Goldstone collective motion and the segmental mode motion coexist in the S_c^* phase of BB-6/BB-4
*(2-Me).
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Kazuyuki HIRAOKA, Yoshitaka SUGANO, Yoshiko UEMATSU, Masatoshi TOKITA, ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B10
Published: 1996
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We have investigated the SmA-SmC
* phase transition of main-chain polyesters having a mesogenic p,p'-bibenzoate unit by means of the dielectric and electrooptic measurements. In the SmC
* phase, a relaxation due to the Goldstone mode was observed at about 10 Hz. In addition, we recognized the other relaxation exhibiting softening behavior around the SmA-SmC
* phase transition temperature.
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Takeshi NAGATA, Yasuyuki KIMURA, Reinosuke HAYAKAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B11
Published: 1996
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We have observed the dynamics of the phase mode (Goldstone mode) in the ferroelectric liquid crystals by the dynamic light scattering method. It is found that the wavenumber dependence of the correlation frequency is of parabolic type with a minimum at the characteristic wavenumber of the helical structure. When a static electric field is applied perpendicular to the helical axis, a correlation frequency gap is induced in the dispersion relation of the phase mode, and the gap increases linearly with the electric field as has been predicted by the phtenomenological thoery.
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A. Ono, M. Kimura, T. Akahane, A. Mochizuki
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B12
Published: 1996
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In order to evaluate the effect of polar-surface anchoring on the surface alignment of the ferroelectric liquid crystals(FLCs), which consist of naphthalene derivatives, we mesured the surface contact angle and evaluated the dispersion- and polar-components of the surface energy for several orientational films. From our experimental result, it was suggested that the polar-surface anchoring energy has an important effect on the surface alignment.
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Koshiro TANIIKE, Tetsuya IKEMOTO, Yukihiro OZAKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B13
Published: 1996
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When the gap between two windows is thin enough, FLC in the Sc
* phase put between the substrates may interact with them and form two stable states (surface-stabilized FLC). However switching mechanism of FLCs at the molecular level is very complicated and a number of important phenomena are still not fully comprehended. Orientation of FLCs has been studied by using IR spectroscopy, and much attention has been paid to the elucidation of its dynamics. We measured polarization dependences of FT-IR spectra of a ferroelectric liquid crystal containing a δ-lactone ring with large spontaneous polarization to investigate voltage dependences of its orientation in two stable states. The present results show that the origin of spontaneous polarization mainly comes from the C=O group of δ-lactone ring and the deviation of its distribution differs from those of any other parts of the molecule and further that the orientation varies with each electric fields.
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Yoshinori IINO, Hiroyuki UEHARA, Jun HATANO, Hideo SAITO, Shin'ic ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B14
Published: 1996
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Dielectric dispersion of optically pure and partially racemized MHPOBC was investigated. In SmC
β* of optically pure MHPOBC, a characteristic relaxation mode was observed in addition to the Goldstone mode. The experimental results show that the molecular orientational structure of SmC
β* is not the same as the ferroelectric SmC
*, but as ferrielectric.
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Kimitaka KAMIJOU, Masaki MAEDA, Ikuo SUZUKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B15
Published: 1996
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The electric relaxation in the tempreture range between antiferroelectric phase to isotropic of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal MHPOBC[4-(l-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)phenyl4'-octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate] was measured in the frequency between 1Hz and 10MHz. In the SmC
A* phase, two dielectric relaxation modes were exist, and those modes were observed in the SmC
γ* phase. We discuss that connection of modes around any phase transtions, especialy SmC
A* pahse-SmC
γ* phase trarstion.
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Ayumi HORIUCHI, Yoshiyuki TAKAHASHI, Takeo FURUKAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1B16
Published: 1996
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The antiferroelectric liquid crystal MHPOBC has been investigated by means of broad band linear dielectric spectroscopy measurements. It the former, the details of molecular motions occurring from 0℃ to 140℃ are obtained being largely consistent with previous work. On an application of a low step field, the linear dielectric response due to Goldstone mode appears at 30μs in the SmC
* phase. As the field is increased, it is taken over by the ferroelectric polarization whose time constant depends upon field according to a power law. On removal of the applied field the ferroelectric polarization disappear at ca. 300μs being independent of field.
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Chi Han LEE, Yuki TANIGUCHI, Tsugio KITAMURA, Yuzo FUJIWARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C01
Published: 1996
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The coupling reaction of alkynyl(phenyl)iodonium salts with alkynylcopper reagents proceeds under mild conditions to provide unsymmetrical diacetylenes. The length of the alkoxy groups in the alkynyl(phenyl)iodonium salts does not affect the coupling reaction and the unsymmetrical diaryldiacetylenes are selectively preparea. Also chiral diaryldiacetylene derivatives are prepared by this method in good yields. The prepared diaryldiacetylenes exhibit mesogenic properties.
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Akira MORI, Nobuo KATO, Hitoshi TAKESHITA, Ken HIRAYAMA, Seiji UJIIE
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C02
Published: 1996
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Substituent effects of the benzoyl group were investigated on the mesogenic properties of 2-aminobenzoyl-5-alkoxytropones. The X-ray crystallographic struetural analysis of 5-butoxy-2-(4-methoxybenzoyloxy)aminotropone revealed a CH-π interaction between the benzoyl π-system and the β-hydrogen of the butoxy group on the tropone ring of a neighboring molecule and a π-π interaction between two tropone rings. When four fluorine atoms were introduced on the benzoyl group, the mesogenic properties were reduced. The X-ray diffraction study of 5-butoxy-2-(4-methoxyperfluorobenzoyl)aminotropone indicated that the angle between the perfluorobenzene ring and the amidocarbonyl group was about 45°.
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Hisayo Ishio, Tomio Yoneyama, Masaharu Kaneko
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C03
Published: 1996
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Several new dichroic azo dyes containing trifluoromethylbiphenyl group were synthesized for liquid-crystal displays using guest-host effects. The order parameters of these dyes were determined in nematic liquid crystalline hosts. Tetrakisazo-dyes exhibited excellent order parameters.
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Eiji HAYASHI, Yoshio HAYAKAWA, Haruhiko FUKAYA, Takashi ABE, Kota OMOR ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C04
Published: 1996
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A new series of biphenyl type liquid crystalline compounds was prepared by the use of perfluoro(2-diaklylaminopropionic acid fluorides) and perfluoro(2-diaklylaminoisobutyric acid fluorides). These new liquid crystals exclusively exhibit enantiotropic smectic liquid crystal phase between 50℃ and 150℃.
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Julio SANTIAGO, Hiroyuki NAGAMOTO, Junso HIMURA, Yo SHIMIZU
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C05
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2018
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New Liquid crystals of long-chain tetraphenylporphyrin oxomolybdenum (V) camplexes were synthesised and investigated on the mesomorphic phase transitions. DSC, X-ray and microscopic techniques revealed these exhibit mesomorphic properties. The mesomorphic phase transitions are likely to change depending on the identity of axial ligand(Cl, OH, OMe and OEt), indicating the axial ligand could crucially affect the mesomorphic behaviour.
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Seiichi INOUE, Kiyoshi HONDA, Toshimitsu KIKUCHI, Takeshi KOIKE, Osamu ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C06
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2018
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(E)-1-Aryl-2-cyclohexyl-1,2-difluoroethylenes with optically active side chain were examined in purpose of application as chiral additive for STN liquid crystal devices. These compounds were derived from the optically active alcohols or carboxylic acids. Ether type compounds were synthesized from optically active alkoxyphenyllithium and 4-alkylcyclohexyltrifluoroethylene. Ester type compounds were obtained from the trifluoroethylene compound with p-bromophenyllithium or p-t-butyldimethylsilyloxyphenyllithium, respectively, followed by esterification.
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Masashi OSAWA, Sadao TAKEHARA, Haruyoshi TAKATSU, Kiyofumi TAKEUCHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C07
Published: 1996
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New series of liquid crystals containing a 1,2-propylene bridging group have been synthesized. Their transition temperatures and electro-optical properties were measured and compared to those of corresponding 1,2-ethylene derivatives. The 1,2-propylene derivatives were shown to be effective to lower the melting point of the mixture and to prepare the liquid crystal composition of wide temperature range. And their clearing point depends much on the position of methyl group.
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Taihei KAWAKAMI, Takashi KATO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C08
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2018
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Molecular self-organization of liquid crystals has been achieved by the formation of intermolecular hydrogen-bonded networks between mesogenic diol compounds and imidazole molecules. For example, a 1:1 mixture of 4-cyano-4'-(5,6-dihydroxyhexyloxy)biphenyl and imidazole shows a smectic A phase over wide temperature range, while the diol compound exhibits only a nematic phase and the imidazole is nonmesogenic. This is a new type of liquid-crystalline materials obtained by the formation of hydrogen-bonded network between different components.
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Masumi OGASAWARA, Takashi KATO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C09
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2018
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Supramolecular self-assembly processes through molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds have been shown to be useful to achieve architectures of liquid crystals. We report here a new family of supramolecular liquid crystals built through the formation of double hydrogen bonds between 2-aminopyridine and benzoic acid moieties. The complexes consisting of 2,6-bis(acylamino)-pyridines(mAPy: m:3〜 8) and 4-(alkoxy)benzoic acids (nOBA: n=12, 14, 16, 18) show monotropic mesomorphic behavior. These complexes show phase behavior which is not observed for the single components. The induction of smectic and discotic phases can be controlled by the length of the single alkoxy chain for these complexes. For example, the complex with m=6 and n=18 exhibits a sharp melting transition from crystalline to isotropic at 93℃ on heating. The enthalpy change of the melting is 88.8kJ/mol. Upon cooling, a discotic phase is observed from 92 to 80℃.
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Rachel Schroeder, Helge Kraenz, Bernd Meyer, Volkmar Vill
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C10
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2018
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Artifical neural nets are used to predict transition temperatures of smectic liquid crystals. The data used for the traning of the nets are taken from the database LiqCryst.
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Angela Borwitzky, Gunnar Gesekus, V. Vill
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C11
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2018
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Chiral liquid crystals with a disubstituted tetrahydropyran ring are stereoselectively obtained from simple carbohydrates.
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Shigeru SUGIMORI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C12
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2018
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Liquid crystal compounds with short alkyl group show nematic phase and with long alkyl group show smectic phase. But, I have already reported that laterary alkyl or alkenyl substituted alkoxyphenylbicyclohexanes with short alkoxy group unusually showzed smectic phase and with long alkoxy group showed nematic phase. In this study, laterary alkyl or alkenyl substituted acyloxyderivatives were synthesized. Their liquid crystal properties are discussed.
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Naomi HOSHINO-MIYAJIMA, Reki SAKAMOTO, Naohide MATSUMOTO, Hisashi OKAW ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C13
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2018
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Nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of [M(salen)] type, stubstituted with (3,4,5-trihexadecenoxybenzoyl)oxy groups at both ends, have been newly prepared and their mesomorphic behaviors characterized. It proved that they have desirably low melting and clearing temperatures, and the mesophase is commonly of smectic type. This is in contrast to the case of discogenic oxovanadium(IV) complex analogues,
1 which indicates that the kind of central metal atom in [M(salen)] mesogens is a primarily important factor in determining the mesophase type.
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Ryuji HIGASHI, Nagao KOBAYASHI, Mayumi IKESHIMA, Kazuchika OHTA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C14
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2018
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We investigated the critical molecular structure changing from columnar to lamellar mesophase in the bis(diphenylglyoximato)-nickel(II)-based complexes. When the number of the long chains surrounding the core complex part was reduced from eight to four, the mesophase changes its structure from a discotic columnar D
hd to a novel discotic lamellar D
L.rec(P2
12
1). When the length of four chains at the m-positions was fixed and the remained four chains at the m-positions were gradually made shorter, each of the complexes shows a discotic columnar D
ho mesophase. Surprisingly, even when the substituents at m-positions is a methoxy or methyl group, it still gives the columnar D
ho mesophase. When the substituent at m-position was OH group, it at last shows another novel discotic lamellar D
L.rec(P2
11) mesophase. Hence, the critical molecular structure changing from columnar to lamellar mesophase occurs at between methoxy and hydroxy groups at the m-position.
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Kazuteru TABAYASHI, Kazuyuki AKASAKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C15
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2018
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Deuterium NMR (
2H-NMR), which has been used to analyze orientational orders of liquid crystals, usually requires deuderium-enriched samples. however, the recent development of a high sensitivity NMR spectrometers ha enableed us to detect
2H-NMR signals of liquid crystals at natural abundance. In this report, we show the possibility of the natural abundance of
2H-NMR for liquid crystal studies
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Mutsuko Oki, Yukiko Nishiura, Kayako Hori
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1C16
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2018
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Crystal structures have been determined for 4-octyloxybiphenyl-4-yl 4-methoxybenzoate (I), which has the phase sequence of crystal-nematic-isotropic, and 4-octyloxybiphenyl-4-yl 4-cyanobenzoate (II), which has the phase sequence of crystal-smecticA-menatic-isohopic. The crystal of I has an 'imbricated' structure, i.e., a half-and-half overlapping of molecules, while that of II has smectic-like bilayer structure, in which core moieties and alkyl chains aggregate separately. These different features are closely related to their mesophase behavior. It was also observed that in the crystal of I, molecular long axes are oriented in one direction, resulting in a polar structure, while in that of II, dipole moments are canceled in the bilayer structure.
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