Introduction: The objective of this study was to identify the opinions of community-dwelling elderly people on medical treatment and care choices during the end-of-life period.

Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to elderly people who participated in nursing care prevention projects implemented by two municipalities in the Kanto region. Analysis of the contents included in the free-description section of the questionnaire was conducted using a qualitative coding procedure.

Results: Analysis of 135 responses in the free-description section of the questionnaire led to the development of the following four final categories: 1. end-of-life is an extension of daily life; 2. end-of-life does not belong solely to oneself; 3. consideration of loved ones; and 4. the desire to determine one's own end.

Conclusion: This study identified the following: community-dwelling elderly people have a tangible feeling that "end-of-life is an extension of daily life." They experience conflicting feelings of "desire to determine their own end" and "end-of-life does not belong solely to themselves," they have thoughts that include "consideration of loved ones," which take the form of concern that, based on their experience, they will be a burden on their family and those around them.

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the actual situation of infection preventive behaviors among children, and to investigate changes in parent-child physical contact during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: We conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey among parents whose children attended the Certified Public Childcare Center in Toyota City between February and March 2021. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis (Spearman's correlation coefficient, Fisher's exact test), and multivariate analysis were performed.

Result: A total of 767 parents responded to the survey. Among them, 78.6% of parents and 76.2% of children always washed their hands when they got home.92.7% of parents and 68.9% of children always wore masks when going out. Breastfeeding and face-to-face contact tended to decrease compared to other behaviors (p < 0.001), but there was most often no change in the frequency of parent-child physical contact.

Conclusion: It was difficult for children to take the same infection preventive behaviors as adults. Changes in the frequency of parent-child physical contact were not observed in many parents and children.

A 40-year-old female visited our hospital because of malaise. She had no history of early loss of primary teeth nor family history of skeletal dysplasia. Laboratory examination showed low serum alkaline phosphatase levels of 18 U/L. In addition, hypozincemia was also observed, but alkaline phosphatase level did not increase after zinc replacement. Mediators, including calcium and phosphorus metabolism, were within normal range. X-ray examination showed no evidence of osteomalacia, but mineral bone density was slightly decreased compared with the young adult mean. Urine phosphoethanolamine level was increased, and we then suspected hypophosphatasia. Genetic tests detected ALPL gene heterozygous missense mutation (c.529G>A p.Ala177Thr and c.670A>G p.Lys224Glu) and adult-onset hypophosphatasia was finally diagnosed. It is important to evaluate alkaline phosphatase levels in the screening of patients with non-specific symptoms.