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Article type: Cover
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
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Article type: Index
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
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Article type: Index
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
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Masahiko Hayashi, Yuji Manaka
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
3-6
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Infrared absorption spectrum analysis is used to investigate properties of minerals containing water. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) is very easy to measure infrared absorption spectra of gems. Especially the method is useful to recognize resin-impregnated emeralds and jadeites. It is possible to identify gemstones, whose refractive indices are very close, by the patterns of infrared absorption spectrum.
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Hiroshi Kitawaki, Hideaki Fukushima
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
7-14
Published: December 30, 1994
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This paper offers useful data in identification of emeralds by using a spectrophotometer which is a very useful method for its quick and non destructive measurement. UV-VIS and NIR spectrum have been obtained on a few hundreds emerald samples of different origins, both natural and synthetic. By the UV-VIS spectrum, a dominant absoption due to Cr can be seen on the natural Colombian emeralds, while the absorption due to Cr and Fe are seen on the natural emeralds other than Colombian samples. On the hydrothermally grown synthetic emeralds, Cr caused absorption can be seen and a high transmission of UV can be recognized. On the Russian synthetic emeralds, a Ni related peak of absorption can be seen. On the flux grown synthetic emeralds, only Cr caused absorption can be seen and transmission peak of UV shifted to the higher wavelength side can be seen as compared to the Colombian samples. By the NIR(1200-2700nm) spectrum, the origin of emeralds and the synthetic conditions can be conjectured from the absorption peaks, since they show the presence and state of H_2O.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
14-
Published: December 30, 1994
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Junko Shida, Mayumi Shigeoka, Hiroshi Kitawaki
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
15-22
Published: December 30, 1994
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The qualities of synthetic rubies have recently been improved very much and became very close to natural rubies in their hue and characteristics on the gemmological test and difficult to distinguish from natural ones. Furthermore, new types of synthetic rubies have entered in the jewellery market. These types of synthetic rubies which are seen since 1993 are described in this paper.Two types of synthetic rubies grown by the flux method, "Rubiante" by Culture Crystal Inc.in USA and "Douros" by J. & A.Douros O.E.Created Gems in Greek show peculiar growth line that may be mistaken for that observed in natural rubies.On the other side, a synthetic ruby grown by hydrothermal process is generally dark red in colour and includes many flaws.The refractive indices of some hydrothermal rubies are fairly higher than those of natural rubies.In addition to these chracteristics,gemmological propertios,spectroscopic investigations and observations by laser tomography are described for these 3 synthetic rubies.
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Hiroshi Komatsu, Chiyoko Suzuki, Mayumi Hirako
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
23-29
Published: December 30, 1994
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We tried to establish a method of quantitative grading of black cultured pearls produced by Pinctada margaritifera. The grading is based on the quality elements belonging to color and brilliance. In this paper, we first explained the method of grading, inherent mechanism of color emission, and the difference in the emission mechanism between black pearls and white pearls. Then, we explained the measurement of reflectance and RBG analysis with image analyzer. The results showed that the measured values of four quality elements (blackness, body color, interference color, and its intensity) were almost identical to the grades appreciated by visual grading.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
30-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
30-31
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
31-32
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
32-33
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
34-35
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
35-38
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
38-
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Article type: Bibliography
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
39-49
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
49-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
50-
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Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
50-51
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
51-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
52-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
52-53
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
53-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
53-54
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Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
54-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
54-
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Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
55-56
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
56-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
56-
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Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
57-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
57-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
57-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
57-58
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
58-
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Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
58-
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Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
59-
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Article type: Article
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
59-
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Article type: Appendix
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
60-
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Article type: Cover
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1994 Volume 19 Issue 1-4 Pages
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