Ibaraki Biological Crystal Diffractometer is under construction at J-PARC as a pulsed-neutron diffractometerfor biological macromolecules. This diffractometer is designed to measure crystals up to 150 Å in unitcell dimensions with the measurement efficiency of 100 times better than that of the present diffractometer BIX-4 at JRR-3 in JAEA. The complementarity to the ultra-high resolution X-ray analysis will bereferred to after showing the recent development of neutron and X-ray protein crystallography.

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Ibaraki prefecture, the local government of the area for J-PARC site, has decided to build a versatile powderdiffractometer (IBARAKI Materials Design Diffractometer) to promote industrial applications forneutron beams in J-PARC. This diffractometer is designed to be a high throughput one enabling materialsscientists to use it like the chemical analytical instruments in their material development processes. Itcovers in d range 0.18<d(Å)<2.5 with d/d=0.16% at the high resolution scattering detector bank, and covers 2.5<d(Å)<400 with gradually changing resolution with the standard mode. Typicalmeasurement time to obtain a ‘Rietveld-quality’ data is several minutes for the sample size of laboratory X-ray diffractometer. To promote industrial application, a utilization system for this diffractometer isrequired. We will establish a support system for both academic and industrial users who are willing touse neutron but have not been familiar with neutron diffraction.

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Neutron diffraction method is very much effective for measurements of residual stress and texture. Inthis paper the present techniques for measurements of residual stress and texture are reviewed and plansof improvement of RESA in JRR-3 and Ibaraki Prefecture's Material Design Diffractometer to be installedin J-PARC are introduced

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To address the question as to how small-angle scattering is effectively applied to the cell, i.e., ahierarchically ordered system comprising multi-components of macro and small molecules, the size ofwhich ranges from 100 μm to several μm, we reconstructed SANS-J (pinhole small-angle neutronscattering spectrometer at research reactor JRR3, Tokai) to focusing & polarized neutron small-anglespectrometer (SANS-J-II), by employing focusing neutron lenses and high resolution photomultiplier.Consequently, an accessible minimum wave number q_min was improved from 3×10^-3 Å^-1 to mediumultra-small angle scattering of 3×10^-4 Å^-1. The focusing USANS method, thus developed, is crucialto fill the gap in wave number q between those covered by a double crystal method and by a conventionalpin-hole method.

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The proposal of “High Magnetic Field Neutron Scattering for J-PARC” has been presented. The presentstatus and the future expectation for different types of high magnetic field generators have been examined.It is concluded that a pulsed field can be the cutting edge of such science. It might be the realistic “scientific case” for a steady field case.

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Synchrotron X-rays from the third generation source have opened new sights into materials science by employing high brilliance, high directional characteristics, energy tenability, polarization character, etc. In this article the recent progress in materials science using Synchrotron X-rays will be shown.

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Recent development of strong synchrotron radiation sources enables us to study pressure-induced structural changes in liquids and glasses. These studies revealed that the structural changes in liquids and glasses are not monotonous and transformation sometimes occurs sharper than previously thought. Our studies on liquid phosphorus and silica glass are reviewed.

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Crystal structure analysis is a most powerful technique to clarify the relationship between threedimensional structure and functions by the terms of atomic resolution. Especially, since biological important materials are composed from some light atoms (C, O and H), neutron diffraction method is available for a determination of them rather than the X-ray source. In this section, there is an introduction of X-ray and neutron protein crystallography and an analysis of human hemoglobin.

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We use synchrotron-X-ray and electron diffraction techniques for the structural study in “solid state chemistry”. Some examples of structural analysis of oxide materials are presented. They are bulk and thin-film samples. Detailed structural data obtained by using quantum beams give important information on material properties. These techniques are essential for the current solid state chemistry study.

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To investigate the electronic and structural changes of materials (especially, cathode materials) for lithium ion batteries during charge and discharge, in-situ XAFS study was carried out by using beamline BL16B2 in Spring-8 (Hyogo, Japan). Ni and Co K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of have been collected by using in-situ coin cells and analyzed.

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A large size single crystal is required for the crystallographic analyses by diffractometry. However, it is often difficult to obtain a large one; we just obtain a powder sample. We have recently developed a novel magnetic technique that enables alteration of powder crystallites to a pseudo-single crystal (PSC). Magnetic alignment of feeble magnetic materials including organic, polymeric, and inorganic materials is well known for many years. However, the alignment was limited so far to a uniaxial one: only the easy or hard magnetization axis is aligned uniaxially. The uniaxial alignment is not sufficient for crystallographic analyses by diffractometry. It only provides a fiber pattern. With our novel technique, powder crystallites belonging to the biaxial crystal system are aligned biaxially to form a PSC that gives rise to an X-ray diffraction pattern equivalent to the real single crystal.

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Soft X-ray is the most powerful light to study the electronic states. The resolution and S/N of recent absorption, photoemission, and inelastic scattering increase very rapidly in accordance with the development of the beamline and measurement technology. Futhermore, new spectroscopy, such as coherent scattering and soft x-ray diffraction, and time resolved photoemission become popular very recently.

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The principle of the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and its application to the solid state physics are reviewed. Phonon-polariton dispersion of ferroelectrics estimated from phase shift spectra is discussed. Boson peak of amorphous is also discussed comparing with the results of Raman scattering experiments.

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Recently, the technologies of emission and detection of terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves by using femtosecond and nanosecond optical lasers have achieved great progress. The THz spectroscopy and imaging started to be applied to various fields such as characterization of various materials including bio-related molecules. In this review, we describe our recent results of the applications of the THz spectroscopy to the investigation of biomolecules after brief introduction of intense laser-induced quantum beam generation undergone in our institute.

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After 100 years from the time of discovery of electron, we now have many applications of electron beam in science and technology. In this report, we review two important applications of electron beam: electron microscopy and pulsed-electron beam. Advanced electron microscopy techniques to investigate atomic and electronic structures, and pulsed-electron beam for investigating time-resolved structural change are described.

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Some possible application of muon to Material Science at J-PARC Muon Facility is briefly reviewed in author's personal view. It should be noted that the new research field like spitronics will be in the scope by using the world highes tintense muon beam (negative muon beam and ultra slow muonbeam is also included)

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AGNES is a chopper spectrometer installed at the top of the C3 cold guide of JRR-3 (JAERI, Tokai). In 2004-2006, this spectrometer was greatly improved by installing (1) 208 new detectors to make the detector bank complete, (2) new radiation shields composed of Fe (14mm), polyethylene (50mm), B₄C rubber (10mm), and Cd (0.5mm) sheets, (3) a new control system for the anti-frame-overlap chopper rotating simultaneously with the Fermi chopper, (4) a monitor counter at the space between the chopper and monochromator, (5) a neutron guide tube (50cm) before the monochromator, (6) a new instrument control (monochromators, choppers, beam narrowers, etc.) and measurement control (realtime data monitoring, sample temperature control, etc.) systems, (7) a top-loading type cryostat workable at a wide temperature range of 6-480K. As the results of these improvements, the signal intensity has been increased by 3.3 and the background has been reduced by 1/10 both compared with the data before the improvements. The present AGNES is applicable to dynamic studies on various nano porous materials, gels, protein solutions, etc. and various in situ and special environments experiments.

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