International trade of hydrogen and its derivatives plays a key role in the forthcoming carbon neutral society. Having estimated the required number of ocean-going tankers to be deployed, this paper explains the importance of international standards for precise and fair measurements. Existing standards that can be referenced for the development of the standards for the measurement of hydrogen and its derivatives along with the scheme of the development of ISO standards is also introduced.

Asahi Kasei has been working on the development of alkaline water electrolysis technology since 2010, based on the salt electrolysis technology that we are developing in our business. The prospect of social implementation of the large-scale alkaline water electrolysis system “Aqualyzer^TM” that contributes to carbon neutrality is described.

Chiyoda Corporation has successfully completed the world’s first international hydrogen supply chain demonstration project, in which hydrogen has been transported by LOHC-MCH system from Brunei Darussalam to Kawasaki by conventional cargo vessel. The key to this demonstration project was our proprietary dehydrogenation catalyst for extracting hydrogen from methylcyclohexane, MCH. MCH is a liquid at ambient temperature and pressure, chemically stable, and can utilize existing oil tanks and petrochemical facilities, making it a promising hydrogen carrier in terms of energy storage. After the successful completion of the demonstration project, we are currently studying the possibility of commercial-scale hydrogen transportation using MCH at several locations such as Port of Rotterdam, Singapore and Scotland. In 2022, we also signed a commercial cooperation agreement with Axens that owns toluene hydrogenation technology. This enables us to provide our customers with a high degree of competitiveness by using existing infrastructure and standards. Chiyoda will accelerate its efforts in the hydrogen value chain business in Japan and abroad, and will strive to solve social issues and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.

Kyocera has been researching hermetic connectors for liquid hydrogen environments in collaboration with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency since 2016. The three basic issues for ceramic hermetic connectors to be used in a liquid hydrogen environment and their solutions were presented. In order to respond to the severe sensing needs required in each of the "Production" "Transportation/Storage" and "Utilization" scenes, we will promote the development of durable products. We envision that safe and reliable hermetic connectors will be essential in a -253°C liquid hydrogen environment, rather than the conventional hermetic connectors for ultra-high vacuum that can be used under a liquid nitrogen.

This article provides the strategy for regulation improvement for hydrogen refueling stations of JPEC. Depending on the strategy of METI for hydrogen society, we are promoting research and development for each of four fields of it, mainly by regulation improvement.

In response to the growing public demand for measures of global warming prevention in recent years, the Daigas Group aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, and in January 2021 declared and announced its vision for the future as the “Daigas Group Carbon Neutral Vision”. In this paper, after introducing the outline of the “Daigas Group Carbon Neutral Vision,” the current status of efforts in “Methanation technology”, “Hydrogen production technology” and Promotion of internal and external collaboration to achieve carbon neutrality are introduced, particularly in fields related to hydrogen.

Synthetic methane produced by methanation to generate gas with renewable energy and hydrogen is called e-methane. Introduction of e-methane is considered as one of the promising measures of decarbonization for gas energy since the existing infrastructure can be utilized and additional social cost can be suppressed. Tokyo Gas has set forth the “Challenge to achieve net-zero CO₂ emissions” in its group corporate vision “Compass 2030”. Advanced uses of natural gas, introduction of carbon-neutral liquefied natural gas (LNG), etc., are currently being promoted. We are willing to contribute to government’s goal of “Realizing carbon neutral and decarbonized society in 2050”. Responsible transitions will be achieved by stable energy supply and net-zero CO₂ emissions. For this purpose, technology develop, demonstration and commercialization of e-methane, hydrogen, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) for CO₂ management are currently on going. In this paper, recent activities related to decarbonization of gas energy such as hydrogen production and utilization are introduced. Demonstration of methanation and establishing supply-chain of e-methane are also introduced.

INPEX Corporation took a final investment decision (FID) on drilling operation and the construction of facilities associated with a demonstration “Kashiwazaki Clean Hydrogen and Ammonia Project” in November 2022.

The project is expected to produce 700 ton of blue hydrogen per year and portion of this hydrogen will be used to produce blue ammonia 500 ton per year and the remaining hydrogen will be utilized for power generation.

As decarbonization is accelerating worldwide, the use of hydrogen as clean energy sources is beginning to be considered in various sectors. The needs to construct CO₂-free hydrogen supply chains and develop new hydrogen-related technologies are increasing worldwide, and the governments in Europe and the United States are beginning to strongly support these efforts. In Japan as well, many companies have begun hydrogen-related initiatives utilizing government’s subsidies such as the Green Innovation Fund Projects. This paper describes the business strategy and hydrogen-related technology development strategy of Iwatani Corporation, which has long been engaged in the liquefied hydrogen and other hydrogen businesses, toward the realization of a hydrogen energy society.

Air Liquide, one of the world’s largest hydrogen companies, is making efforts to develop hydrogen supply chain, particularly in hydrogen production and supply in the industrial and mobility sectors. Hydrogen sales of Air Liquide currently represent 1.2 million tons per year for a turnover of 2 billion euros, which will triple in size by 2035 with approximately 8 billion euros (over 1 trillion yen) of investments in the low-carbon hydrogen supply chain. In Japan, the company is making efforts to expand its hydrogen refueling station network, and exploring opportunities for low-carbon hydrogen production, such as application of its own carbon dioxide capture technology called Cryocap^TM. Air Liquide continues to work with partners to achieve the sustainable society by expanding self-filling through remote monitoring, developing hydrogen refueling stations for commercial vehicles, and establishing a supply chain for liquefied hydrogen.

We, Toyota Tsusho Group (“Group”), established Task Force for Promoting Carbon Neutrality based on the globally dramatic trend, which resonates with its Corporate Philosophy of “living and prospering together with people, society and the globe”, and hydrogen is one of the core strategic business areas in the task force. Leveraging knowledges and experiences for the domain of hydrogen and fuel cell mobility through the past clean hydrogen value chain demonstrations and management of hydrogen refueling stations in Japan, the Group has put its energy into the activities to establish local production and local consumption based hydrogen and fuel cell business model on a global basis. In particular, the Group has been demonstrating projects at the port of Los Angeles in the US where the port authority has zero emission goals, for the port equipment by 2030, and the drayage trucks in and out the port by 2035. Our demonstrating value chains offers not only the fuel cell port equipment and trucks but also hydrogen supply chains specialized in the port operation. The Group strives to promote clean hydrogen for the best contribution to the carbon neutrality through the demonstrations, establishing and expanding a hydrogen and fuel cell business model.

In its long-term vision, ENEOS aims to achieve sustainable growth while responding to the carbon-neutral society of the future. We are focusing on creating new businesses using hydrogen from various perspectives, such as “construction of a CO₂-free hydrogen supply chain”, “development of a locally produced and consumed energy supply system nationwide” and “expansion of the hydrogen/synthetic fuel supply business for the transportation sector”.

Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.(KHI)has been promoting the “Hydrogen Energy Supply Chain (HESC)” Project and conducting related R&D activities. HESC that includes the production, transportation, storage, and utilization, aims social implementation of hydrogen energy towards carbon-free society. In 2022, “Suiso Frontier” loaded with liquefied hydrogen derived from Australian Brown Coal returned to the LH2 receiving terminal. The world’s first long-distance voyage demonstration test has been completed successfully. KHI provided LH2 carrier and LH2 storage tank for this demonstration project. The paper described the current status: Building a business scheme involving various companies / Development of commercial scale equipment

While hydrogen is recognized as a decarbonized fuel, it is difficult to say that it contributes to decarbonization if a hydrogen production process emits a large amount of greenhouse gases. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the hydrogen production method. This paper introduces the easy-to-understand classification of hydrogen by color, which becomes common recently.