The BIOPHILIA Journal was specified as the succeeding Journal of the Japanese Biophilia Rehabilitation Journal from the Japan National Diet Library. By cooperation of the Japanese Biophilia Rehabilitation Academy, we obtained the opportunity to republish in English the previous Japanese language journal and thus to make available to the international readership. It is with great pleasure that we can meet the expectation of people in the world by providing the detail of our studies with publishing the special edition.
I am not a doctor, an engineer, nor a physiotherapist. I describe the situation how I concerned our studies in this congratulatory address as following; "Why did you resign from being a politician?” "Only I can cure patients (not the author but who is author’s mother and she still believes it)","Why did you run as a candidate (success in an election was not expectable)". “Re-acquirement of Walking from Bedridden and to establish the society where people live with little care and independently”, "Doctors' participation", and “A doctor examines an individual but I examine not only an individual but also brigades.”
I extend congratulations to readers with my wish to you to get involved in our research. And we need your support for continuing the studies. To those who consider support by reading this prefatory note; please cooperate in our non-profit organization activity from our website “www.biophilia.pw”.

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I have cooperated with the International Biophilia Rehabilitation Academy in order to be of help for this Academy development. The Academy’s activities have been steadily growing in importance. Recently, the Academy’s main journal has been introduced with 8 volume issued since 2011. I reviewed a number of articles which were published by Japanese researchers in a Japanese journal, read by the international research community. I am sure that these articles will contribute to the improvement of human welfare.

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I served as the first president at the time of Biophilia Rehabilitation Academy establishment, which had been called the 21st Century Rehabilitation Study Group till then. The assumption of the president greeting at the time of Academy establishment, I expressed “I expected much more research efforts of member in order to realize from “care and dependence to independence” and “elderly requiring nursing care generating to be a little less than 10% from 16% in 2025 assumed”. I am pleased with the situation and activity where the Academy is continuing the activity which turned its eyes not only to domestic but also to the world as the same in expectation.
It was the center for me taking office as the president of this Academy that "I watch efforts of Prof. Takizawa and his associates to abolish bedridden and the result to be obtained by their efforts.” He was a youth lawmaker of Fujisawa expected much to attain greatness as a politician. He had been a person of great insight of the aged society and had had a broad outlook. Therefore He noticed the peculiarity of the result of kinetic training and the technique that nobody had noticed and the rationality that enabled it to methodize. He relinquished a city lawmaker position to successors and didn’t accept the candidacy request of the outgoing prefectural assembly chairman that had meant to be a lawmaker of the House of Representatives and dealt with the study.
He started this international activity as a sectional meeting of the domestic Academy and served as a chairperson of it. Furthermore, it is unexpected joy for me to reorganize into an independent organization under the agreement of all members of the domestic Academy and to continue activity as a president of the board of directors of the International Biophilia Rehabilitation Academy.

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It is my honor that I was asked to submit the congratulatory address in publishing a memorial edition for a preparation to apply the PubMed registration in USA in order to make use of the Biophilia studies for the human being.
The aging of a human being which Prof. Takizawa who is a chief editor of the BIOPHILIA journal has foreseen is clear. He knew the inevitability of that and has continued the challenge to prevent the social disruption. No one would have expected that the endeavor of preventing the social disruption by restructuring the rehabilitation medicine because of the aging process of society, which was named the Aging crisis, can be achieved by cooperation of doctors all over the world.
This memorial edition can contribute to the improvement in the welfare of human beings greatly, and also I am sure that people who collaborate with him can prevent the Aging crisis.
I send sincere praise to the members of the research team of medicine, engineering, and social science which cooperated closely like the family who consists of a volunteer with him in the world, and expect progress of the future research from now on.

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This development has double-sided. The development of a new good is one. Based on the patent, the authors developed product acting on a patent. A development of 4 wheels' walking frame with sleds by the grant of the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) shows this one surface. A method development or a use development is the other. It is the example of this surface that Henry Ford made the vehicle which was a region of the hobby till then the popular transportation and carriage device. Probably, a business-model patent in recent years will also be the same. As a method development or a use development to aim at us, the author proposed to change the myth of "people walk on 3 legs with a cane" from the Greek era to "people walk on 6 legs used a walking frame". This is a great transformation of the way of thinking. We described the necessity and possibility, and the feasibility which the present study of 4 wheels' walking frame with sleds induced about the possibility of a use development.

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Purpose: The assessment of rehabilitation by the Takizawa Method in which one physical therapist rehabilitates many patients by individual contact at a time. In a facility, although there were many person of a remarkable decline in the body function and/or person with severe dementia, the evaluation has been described individually. Because one therapist rehabilitated a lot of patients at a time, she had a big burden to report the evaluation. Since Takizawa Method rehabilitation will be carried out in multiple facilities and it was necessary to reduce the burden of a physical therapist, a common functional evaluation chart that could be used by all institution involved is needed. Method: We conducted the analysis of available data, taking into account the real situation, in a standardized manner in order to find out what kind of training was used, the number of training times, etc. Result: The functional evaluation chart named the Motivative Report was created, which enabled to standardize the records and which could be verified by a developed formula. We divided items of the functional evaluation chart into the head, trunk, lower limbs, and transfer and movement, in order to evaluate them and illustrate in the chart. We were able to demonstrate contracture, having or not agnosia, the ability to keep the standing position, walking as well as the number of times of training. Conclusion: The chart made it possible for a physical therapist to resolve the problem of patient’s evaluation and to introduce short- and long-term markers of rehabilitation progress. The chart saves time and labor for the physical therapist and may be used in many facilities for the evaluation purpose.

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Purpose: It is a study of the assessment of the possibility of development of a double purpose rehabilitation device. The device would serve to train upper-limbs during Motivative exercise used concomitantly with a lift. The device should be easy to handle and freely moveable for conducting care at home, with a regulation of the level of difficulty during rehabilitation effort. It should also help the aged disabled persons to advance to live independently from care givers. We also aimed to develop a wheel movement-type lift in order to enable the use in a small space effectively. Methods: The practicality of a wheel lift of portable type is low in a house with a level difference. To resolve the problem we offered a high function device and we evaluated the device parts and conducted the opinion poll its usefulness. The parts studied were the following; the leg which was equipped with the slide stabilizing slide and attached casters to prevent slipping off of feet , the rise-and-fall guide division, the suspension system for upper limbs training, the components of the suspension-system suitable for upper limbs training, operation traction arm, and brake and power assisting mechanisms. We experimented with device parts, and tested them on two sleds bend. We also tested the parts for holding feet as a level difference passing test, the front wheel level difference passing repetition running test, and the overweight load test in Kanagawa Industrial Technology Research Institute. To popularize the device after its development, we performed a questionnaire survey directed to 2000 nursing elderly facilities in Tokyo and Osaka and collecting opinions during the instrument fair. Results: We confirmed the safety of parts during intensive use as a worker with sleds and clarified the development possibility. The questionnaire showed a high level of device acceptance and motivation to use it, although the knowledge on both Takizawa method of rehabilitation and a walker with sled was rather low. Conclusions: We could confirm the importance and possibility of commercialization of the device. But it became clear that to generalize the use of the device it is necessary to introduce a law for using assisting devices as present in some European countries.

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The rehabilitation effect of motivative exercise is qualitatively reported from a viewpoint of leg functional recovery. Considering the improvement of rehabilitation effects, it is necessary to analyze motivative exercise quantitatively from the viewpoint of the control of walking and standing. In this study, we conducted the evaluation of the electromyogram and joint motion range at the time of motivative exercise implementation taking into account the maintenance of the standing position. The subjects were two people with single paralysis after a stroke We measured the activity of muscles required to maintain the standing position: extensor digitorum longus, soleus muscle, gastrocnemius, rectus femoris muscle, medial vastus muscle, and lateral vastus muscle. As a result, we observed the agonist and antagonist muscle activity on the affected side during implementation of motivative exercise, and cooperative activity from the viewpoint of kinetic dynamics. The validity of rehabilitation was judged from the motion analysis of the maximum joint range without inducing the subject’s pain and along with the electromyogram recordings.

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We performed physical evaluation by implementation of leg motivative exercise in order to extract the index to evaluate this effective technique by developing the device which detects range of motion and the number of times and speed of movements. We also performed thermography. In the experiment, we performed temporal pursuit and tried to measure the interim rehabilitation effect. We could clarify the effect and succeed in extraction of the evaluation index by the leg movement range of motion was expanded, movement speed improved, and moreover, according to contrast of a thermography picture, a difference is looked at by body temperature before and after exercise due to contradistinction of the pictures collected after developed leg motor function measuring device improvement and the result of three times leg movement evaluations.

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Purpose: We examined how the youths’ consciousness has changed toward the elderly with changing times. Method and Subjects: A survey on attitude changes in persons in their 20th before and after the enforcement of nursing care insurance (NCI) was conducted. The goal was to compare the attitude toward the elderly represented by the current youths with that of the youths of 1977. The respondents were 23 persons of 20 to 27 years of age in 1977 and 26 persons of 20 to 25 years of age in 2012. Both groups were asked the same questions. Result: There were significant differences in the responses between 1977 and 2012. The differences concerned following; (1) recognition of special elderly nursing home (p< 0.01), (2) consciousness about the use of it (p< 0.01), and (3) concerning the elderly to become a social problem (p< 0.05). The consciousness of the youths before the NCI was high concerning the support old parents in a household, but there was little recognition of elderly nursing homes or the need to use them. Currently, the consciousness that the increase in the number of the elderly becomes a serious social problem is high. Discussion: Under NCI, the institution can receive refunds of hefty service fees for the disabled elderly who had deteriorated to the level of care needed (LCN). Becoming bedridden makes the LCN even lower. It is desirable for citizens because they become inpatients of nursing facilities effectively. In order to make the reduction of social security costs possible, and thus reduce the social problem caused by increasing elderly population, I consider that two points of revision of NCI law are necessary: (1) To prepare the option of cash provision for nursing care by a family member, as the system in Germany has it, which means that wages from NCI will be paid for the job of caring old parents at home. That would decrease the number of care facilities and make the daily life protection better and (2) the income of institutions will be increased, if LNC were improved.

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Purpose: The article describes bedsore prevention measures and the development of a device suitable for bedsore prevention. Method: We had used the triangular cushion in a medical nursing hospital of 226 beds and geriatric health care facility. There was a fault that the triangular vertex portion was settling in about three months. In order to hold the advantage by flexible which does not block blood circulation and to improve a fault, the five-cornered cushion was newly developed and evaluated. Results: The valuation method evaluated instrument durability by 10-kg continuation load and weight bearing experiment, and checked the improvement. The verification of an effect was performed by pressure distribution evaluation. And we confirmed having succeeded in body pressure distribution. The state where 89 persons, 88% of 101 respondents carried out posture conversion by the questionnaire to this hospital worker always use becomes clear. Conclusion: the usefulness of newly developed cushion was checked.

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Purpose: We carried out a questionnaire survey based on the free answer question in order to extract the features of actually eliminating facility a bedsore of elderly people with disabilities and consciousness elucidation of caregivers, nurses and workers, which are not apparent in the pre-answer questionnaire that the options to answer were set. Method: The resulting responses were analyzed by text mining. Result: And the specific triangle cushion use in this facility, which had not enabled to clarify it in a past study, was explained. We could clearly the specific triangular cushion use of the institution concerned which was not clearly made in a previous investigation and the consciousness of the pursuer from the analysis of the free description by conducting the analysis by text mining of the obtained reply. The resulting responses were analyzed by text mining. Conclusion: And it was explained that the specific triangle cushion was used in this facility, which had not enabled to clarify it in a past study. Thereby the difference of the using device and the current situation between this facility, which realized the position change within local pressure 200mhg and in 2 hours and the other facilities, which effort to eliminate the bedsore patient could be clearly. We report our study because it seems to have obtained a hypothesis for the position change to prevent genesis of the bedsore patient.

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Purpose: The partial transduction of the norm of restoration for the rehabilitation medicine was performed. A transduction of a restoration norm is a big turning point for the rehabilitation medical treatment which aimed at reconstruction of the life by the replacement dominant hand for example, and not to aim at a restoration but to receive handicap. Method: We think that the introduction of the norm of restoration is possible in it. We studied the present conditions of the rehabilitation medical treatment in the medical and care hospital, which could prevent to germinate the bedsore old patients for verification. And we investigated the changes in the degree of independence in daily living of the disabled elderly (DIDLE) accompanying enforcement of the rehabilitation medical treatment. Result: While the unexceptional enforcement of the rehabilitation medical treatment by the Takizawa method adapted to the level of care needed level contributes to the prevention of the bedsore patient genesis, and also significantly advance the DIDLE better. (Wilcoxon signed-rank test -1.970a P=.049) Considerations: It seems to be useful for the future introduction of the norm of restoration that the significant improvement in a degree of DIDLE was assayed.

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Purpose: We studied how to prevent the developing of bedsore in patients by implementing a novel method. The Shounankenyukai Nagaoka hospital, a care treatment hospital was able to prevent the development of bedsores in patients, the way the hospital managed to do it was taken as the subject of an investigation. Method: As the chairman of the board of directors of this hospital was a member of the study group, the cooperation of the staff executing the study could be built by the authority. We decided to carry out the surveillance study of the present condition and to analyze it as shown below; (Breakdown: Devices to use, Body pressure dispersion, plan for prevention, enforcement of the plan, daily rehabilitation management, nourishment ? organized in a chronological order of data). We reviewed all the medical examination data from June 3, 2002 to November 11, 2005. Then, we created a bedsore plan database, rehabilitation management database, and blood tests result database. Results: The patients who were in need of some degree of care made up 56% of the nursing care insurance in the hospital, while the prevalence bedsore patients was only 4.7% in 2002, 0% in 2005, and an average of 2.8% in 4 years. Three characteristic issues of the hospital became clear (i) exceptional enforcement of rehabilitation treatment by the Takizawa method based on the Degree of Care needed, (ii) making the patient's position change in less than every 2 hours and the local body pressure of less than 200 mmHg according to the KOSIAK formula for the prevention of bedsores development, and (iii) concerning the nourishment management, although there were many inpatients requiring in tube feeding, to switch to oral ingestion and to individual nourishment management as soon as possible. Discussion: It was published that the bedsore prevalence in patients needing a Degree of Care is 53.6%, on average, in all Japanese hospitals and health care facilities. There is a big difference between that and the result of this study. We consider 3 points which may specifically contribute to a decrease in the generation of bedsores; (i) enforcement of the kinetic rehabilitation adapted to the level of care needed, mainly of the type of motivative exercise, such as the Takizawa method and its enforcement according to the nursing care degree, (ii) use of a cushion for the posture change a bed, which is also used in the Takizawa method of rehabilitation for keeping the sitting position and (iii) nourishment management that considers individual circumstances. It seems that the introduction of the non-enforcement of bedsore measures would enable the effective bedsore prevention in hospitals.

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In order to use for development of future rehabilitation medicine, I express a general introduction and the contents about the technique how the community rehabilitation should be, which my experience produced. First, I describe my previous experience. Related to the everyday life towards independence of the elderly with handicap, I pose a question concerning the state of the current rehabilitation as I see. Then, I show how life becomes easier by using a kind of rehabilitation when one is handicapped, called “the action of crawling”, i.e., the baby-like behavior in order to improve a quality of life. And I describe what kind of rehabilitation is required in order to gain the activity. Furthermore, the situation of the people and practical cues for this kind of exercise and rehabilitation are shown.

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Introduction: This paper informs that the international and domestic conferences were held in 2006. Participation of Mr. Mark Pullin, an Austrian co-chair and the patent attorney who worked as the head of the Australia side preparation committee, was explained following. It was the reason for him that he was interested strongly from many Australia patents concerning the new rehabilitation (rehab) treatment, which enabled to improve the disabled physical function by the sequela of cerebral disease and etc. at a high rate. It was also introduced that we obtained support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to our conference for the first time, and the preparation to hold the next conference with the Polish Academy of Sciences by Prof. M. Pokorski in Warsaw Poland, is progressing too. Method: Meaning of conference and innovation of rehabilitation medicine as the problem of rehab medicine, and our measure towards innovation are as follows; (i) The problem of rehab medicine: The instance was cited from the Stroke treatment guidelines (2004 version), which was published by 5 committees including the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine was shown and the necessity for the innovation of a rehabilitation medicine was described. It was pointed out in the guideline that many regions such as the cure for apoplexy rehabilitation medicine, medical treatment and training methods, etc. have been performed based on clinical experience. And a validity cannot say a generous from evidence generally. Then it may be said that the further investigations in the future are necessary. (ii) Our studies towards innovation: The author's conference greeting was quoted and our measure towards the innovation of the rehab medicine was shown. "Overcome disability" from “acceptance of disability" by the innovation of the rehab medicine, which has been studying by us is more important than any other means at the change period to reverse a population pyramid that is unprecedented for the human. And our studies are important in order to relieve the human standing still in super-aged society. Possibility and Author’s belief: The innovation of the rehab medicine is to make it enable to overcome the disability by reacquiring the physical function. We should not accept the rehab concept “acceptance of disability”. The change of the rehab concept is very difficult and seemed almost impossible for the author who was not a doctor, a physical therapist, nor an engineer. By the difficulty of the innovation, my efforts for an innovation of the rehabilitation medicine had looked like that Don Quixote had mistaken rushing against a windmill by a donkey for saving the princess confined in the castle. However it seems possible to ensure that with the progress of studies nowadays in near future. Conclusion: It is important that all human beings can live richly with hope even in the unprecedented society with the reversed age pyramid. It is necessary to build the sustainable society for the next-generation not to assume the big burden and to save on a social security burden in order to attain it. We are advancing research in the extensive domain included to philosophy, medicine, engineering, social science, and public policy for the super-aged society sustainable, in which elderly people can live independently. We are waiting your participation in order to realize our endeavor.

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Decubitus is a disorder which is not cured easily. However, health professionals who have treated many cases know that the disorder can be prevented. The author has been proposing to medical societies how to prevent decubitus based on a scientific basis from around the middle of the 1960s. The proposition is based on the method of coloring by the ammonium rhodanide and on the KOSIAK method of a balloon pressure measurement; both reported to be giving almost the same result. Many studies on the mechanisms underlying decubitus and/or bedsore development have been performed from a 100 years ago. There are many elucidated facts concerning the pathology and biochemistry of decubitic changes in scientific journals. Nevertheless, the number of patients with decubitus, who would be able to prevent it, has not decreased despite the spread of knowledge. Our study group has been working for years on how to improve the present poor condition regarding the frequency of decubitus and how to find out any possible solution. The evil of the bedsore and the ways of its prevention have been proposed through the author’s academic activity for 40 years. In order to acquire a solution for today's situation, we have striven for prevention of decubitus for many years. Then, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare introduced the policy that was named “the non-enforcement of bedsore measures” for the prevention of decubitus in inpatient medical institutions, which reduces income for the health insurance companies. By the enforcement of the policy, the medical institution laid emphasis on the prevention. Then, the hospitalization practice for the decubitus prevention measures was renewed for additional two years after its introduction. Our investigation on the preventive effects was conducted with aid of the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) by MEXT in 2005-2006 and the Association for Technical Aids research grant in 2006-2007. The research grants acquisition and study implementation were done mainly in Takizawa. Nagaoka, Takizawa and Murakami reported the development of a device to use, study methods and contents, and details of the results. We report what kind of influence was caused by the introduction of bedsore measures non-enforcement policy on the basis of a questionnaire survey.

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We report the response data to vibration, collision, disturbance, etc. in the model we created of a human body which simulates the use of a wheelchair. We also clarified the action during bump passing, which is supposed to have a major influence on the human body, and we carried out comparative experimental examinations. As a result, we could create the simulation model which reproduces the human body action efficiently even if the body is a rigid-like model. We found that a human body generates reflecting movement at the time of passing bumps by adding feed-forward control mechanism.

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The functional maintenance of self-care is important for a continuation of a disabled person's home life. Since the opportunities to teach and control functional training of the physically handicapped children were presented at Toyohashi city, I reviewed their progresses of cerebral palsy which have used the functional training for ten years. The use purpose changed with time advances, such as a big turning point in the life shown as the school graduation. It became clear that they, family members and the person felt uneasy to continuation of a home life. Difficulty of the function maintenance of a self-care operation by the hindrance specificity of cerebral palsy and the burden of care on the family were shown as background, which a family expected a functional maintenance. However, 4 cases had little consultation of a medical institution and participation of a specialized kind of work. It was suggested that the necessity of tying up a functional training of the physically handicapped children to a consultation support project as a family anxiety to be a concrete need.

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We set it as the research purpose to clarify the role of nurse visits in supporting the aged outpatients who lead solitary lives, are in the process of recuperation and require visiting care. Nine categories of the vital functions and 9 categories of supportive functions to the solitary lives of the aged outpatients were extracted by the analyzed results along. These categories could be stratified into two groups. One was classified gradually along with the solitary lives of the aged outpatients, and the other concerned those who bear the function. We could confirm the supportive role of home nursing care, which could be helpful for given instructions to other future supporters. It is a future study subject to systematize the support including support of the professional caregivers.

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The policy has been changing from the medical care based on institutions to the place of living. The medical rehabilitation staff engaged in local business performs rehabilitation in medical facilities in a given area. We conducted the opinion poll in the members of Toyohashi home rehabilitation liaison committee whether they can observe a difference between the community rehabilitation and rehabilitation in medical facilities. They did not find a big difference concerning the goal of rehabilitation but they did feel a difference about the purpose of it. There was a "watching until the lifeend" approach regionally. And the concept of "watching" "continuation of a life watches" was drawn. The medical rehabilitation staff has received the education as medical science technicians. It is necessary to carry out the improvement in general "QOL" and assisted living, which include "mental QOL" by using own educated experience in a given area, especially home visit rehabilitation. It is necessary to develop a concrete policy, which would decrease the rehabilitation effort in medical facilities and tie it up more to local rehabilitation at home including “what is the functional maintenance for life maintenance?” and “what is the "Watching" for actually doing?”

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