This paper considers the phonological representation of nasals in Japanese; unlike the majority of other consonant classes, the syllabification of nasals varies in the literature. Most phonologists agree that the place-specified nasals are syllabified into onset positions, certain conditions excepted (Abe 1986, Itô 1986, Yoshida 1990), but the syllabification of the placeless nasal gives rise to some controversy. The latter is syllabified into a coda by Abe and Itô, but into a nucleus by Yoshida. In order to provide a non-arbitrary account of phonological processing with regard to nasals, I propose that the distribution of all nasals in Japanese is restricted to onsets exclusively; this is formulated in line with the Principle of Structure Preservation and the notion of phonetic interpretation.

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In this paper, we will discuss relative clause constructions within the minimalist framework developed by Chomsky (1993). Although it is observed that there are many syntactic and semantic contrasts between restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses, we will show that they come from the following points: (i) restrictive relative clauses are attached to NPs while non-restrictive relative clauses occur in the right of DP, and (ii) only non-restrictive relative clauses are operationally raised to matrix CP at LF. After stating these points, we will give a principled account for the contrasts between them.

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A new model of self-organized criticality is defined by incorporating a random network model in order to explain endogenous complex fluctuations of economic aggregates. The model can feature many globally interactive systems such as economies or societies.

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The multicriteria decision making problems often include both quantitative and qualitative factors simultaneously. To solve such problems, it is better to use objective values for quantitative factors as much as possible, to use subjective judgments only for qualitative factors to carry out evaluations respectively, and then to work out a comprehensive evaluation using these evaluations. In this paper, an extended AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) for integrating quantitative and qualitative evaluations is proposed. Because the alternative priorities on quantitative criteria are formed not by human’s judgments but by the ratios of the alternative values on criteria, and there is no inconsistency problem of pairwise comparison matrix in quantitative evaluation, the accuracy and the reliability of the evaluation is improved. The comprehensive evaluation matrix is composed of the priorities on quantitative and qualitative criteria. The columns of the matrix are ratios of quantities which have different units and represent the priorities on different criteria. The final priorities are obtained by multiplying the matrix with the weights of each criterion. An example using the extended AHP to evaluate user’s acceptance of an environment-friendly car is given. For building pairwise comparison matrices, we designed a questionnaire and carried out an investigation.

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A traffic-flow problem is investigated for a network of city roads on a square lattice with s decorated sites on each bond, where we set s to 1, 2, …, or 10. We assume that a car may locate at a usual lattice site or at a decorated site. We construct microscopic equations for dynamics of car-moving and then study the model by using numerical simulations. We find that there is a phase transition of the first-order type from a free-moving phase to a traffic-jammed phase, regardless of value of s.

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1/f fluctuations have been extensively observed in various fields including both biology and physics. Recently, a cluster point process has been successfully applied to modeling the physically and the physiologically observed series of events which exhibit 1/f fluctuations. In this paper, the higher-order spectra up to the 3rd order are derived for the general cluster point processes whose primary and secondary processes are renewal according to the heuristic shot noise approach. As far as the cluster point process whose primary process is Poissonian, the results coincide with those obtaind by the probability generating functional. In the context of 1/f fluctuations, the power spectral densities (PSD) and the bispectra are given for varied parameters, especially for the power law distribution of cluster size. In addition to the rising landscape in the lower frequency range, these 2nd- and 3rd-order spectra are shown to have undulating structures that reflect the periodicity of event occurrence within the clusters, which indicates that there are quadratic correlations between the dominant frequency components that construct the 1/f profile in the PSD. Although several point process models that can produce the 1/f PSD have been proposed, the bispectra could be a possible measure for selecting an appropriate model from these candidates and may contribute to identifying the generation mechanism of the 1/f fluctuation.

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The basic aspects of statistical mechanics are reviewed in a concise manner for those, especially from interdisciplinary areas, who want to study the subject.

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A single chemosensillum usually includes five sensory cells, and one of them is traditionally called as the sugar receptor cell. We have collected the legs and wings of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, using several grades of sieve and here demonstrate the presence of the putative pyranose-site protein by a two-dimensional affinity electrophoresis method.

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We shall introduce some martingale Hardy spaces associated with Banach function spaces, which are extensions of well-known martingale Hardy spaces H ^p, and consider continuous linear functionals on the spaces. Some new duality theorems are established.

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Given a sequence { φ_j } of bounded functions on the dual group Γ of a locally compact abelian group G, we have a family of Fourier multiplier operators each element of which is made from a component φ_j of the given sequence. On the other hand, the restrictions φ_j | Λ of φ_j to a subgroup Λ of Γ build Fourier multiplier operators on G ⁄ Λ^⊥. We are interested in the transference of continuity from the maximal operator constructed by the family of Fourier multiplier operators composed of { φ_j } to the counterpart maximal operator corresponding to { φ_j | Λ }. For the study, it is a powerful tool that, if k ∈L¹(Γ), then the maximal operator corresponding to { k *φ_j } inherits the strong or weak typeness (p,q ) from the one associated with { φ_j }. First we give a method of showing it. Our result contains the case p =q =1 and our proof is simpler and more straightforward than the one in [2]. Next we consider the case of G =R ⁿ and Λ =Z ⁿ, and develop arguments over Lorentz spaces and Hardy spaces.

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