The iterative decoding system for perpendicular magnetic recording using double layered medium is sutdied. The BER perfoemance of our system is obtained by the experiments using a spin-stand system, and it is compared with that 16/17 (0,6/6) coded E^2PR4ML system. The results show that our proposed system exhibit an excellent performance.

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A dependence of a recoeded magnetization pattern on a magnetude of a recoeding current was investigated by a computer simuration using the LLG equation. As result, it was shown that the asymmetry of recoeded bit pattern and the distortion of the reproduced waveform changed with the magnitude of recording current.

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We developed metal particulate (MP) tapes with an ultra thin magnetic layer optimized for an MR head. Reproduced output voltage in the combination of the MP tapes and the MR head was at least 10 times larger than that of an inductive head combined with a conventional MP tape. The areal recording density in the combination of the developed MP tapes and the MR head was estimated 6 times higher than that of the conventional one.

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Error patterns of 16/17(0,6/6) coded PR(1,2,2,1)ML system fpr perpendicular magnetic recording using double layred medium are studied. The error pattern which affects the performance in the PRML system in clarified by investigating the dominant error patterns in the PRML system.

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This report proposes a new 8/9 MTR code which is a type of systematic form. The problem of an error propagation in decoding is evaded by using this coding method. It is shown that the proposed systematic coding can provide a performance inprovement over the conventinal non systematic one.

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A high speed and precise tracking servo system for an optical disk camera-recorder is proposed. The tracking servo system consists of a feedback controller and of a feedforward controller employing the Zero Phase Error Tracking (ZPET) method. The simulation results Show reductionof the residual tracking error and also an increase in the disk rotation speed.

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The Telecommunications Advancement Organizaion (TAO) of Japan has initiated a project in which electronically available text of TV news programs is summarizad and synchronized with the speech and video automatically, then made into closed captions for the benefit of the hearing impaired people in Japan. The project started in 1996 and will end in 2001. We report the main research issues, and the result of research for each technology last year, especially developed semi-practical system for automatic production of the programs with closed caption.

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This paper introduces a design concept and an outline of newly developed High Definition Switcher. Development of 1.5Gbps SDI MTX and 1.5Gbps S/P & P/S circuit is its key technology. It allows a large scale (40 primary inputs and 4MK) of HDTV Switcher.

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We have developed the non-linear production system for Japanese closed captioning. This system is more efficient that the old system, and composed of only a personal computer. This system has an input function with speech recognition for Japanese closed captioning.

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It is important ploblem to consider the otimum S.F.N. network on the digital terrestrial broadcasting but it will require a great deal of labor and a lot of time. This paper describe about one method on the electro magnetic wave propagation simulation system "AREKAKUBEH"

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We are improveing all the broadcasting equipments to the digital HD system, for starting BS Digital Broadcasting and Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting. In this situation, we have developed the Tennoz-Studio in December last year, and now we produce some TV programs using this studio. This studio is full-digital studio corresponding to HD format. We can produce multi-format and multi-story program for simulacasts. The video, audio and lighting system in this studio give a careful consideration to user interface, so this system have a good efficiency and easy operation.

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In broadcasting operation, it is necessary to monitor video and audio signals. However, the supervisor hand-operates incessantly because the accident happens unexpectedly. It insists on them in tension always. Moreover, the system used to require dedicated operators for monitoring each channels precisely. This monitoring system is to solve this problem by providing supporting system for monitoring multiple channels, thus reducing operation. The report will focus on the development and proof on this prototype system.

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Viewing upcoming BS Digital Broadcasting, HDTV/SDTV Multiformat system is very useful means because it make possible an efficient and flexible operation (ex. 2 programs production, HDTV/SDTV simultaneous broadcast and so on). HDTV/SDTV multiformat system OB van of TV-TOKYO(introduced in Sept. 1999) is of great use now.

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本システムは、HDTV可変符号量符号化器(VBRエンコーダー)、データ放送送出装置、および多重化装置で構成される。VBRエンコーダでは、放送品質に影響を及ぼさずにビットレートでは、放送品質に影響を及ぼさずにビットレートを抑制することが出来る。この空いた容量にリアルタイムで効率良く大容量のデータを多重するVBR対応データ放送容量効率化システムを開発した。

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A definition of color characteristics of digital cameras is important in multimedia world. A measurement of color characteristics is mandatory for color management as well. This paper describes a measurement method which has made it possible to measure the spectral responsivity characteristics and accuracy of the proposed methods.

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A variable neutral density filter using guest-host liquid crystal devices we investigated for color video image sensing. The liquid Crystal device contains black dichroic dyes whose absorption is controlled by voltage applied to the device. The fabricated filter keeps the spectral balance of transmitted light almost constant in the visible wavelength range, when the light transmittance is varied by the applied voltage. It exhibited a high extincion ratio of 70:1 and response time of 50ms when it was driven by 20V. The color temperature shift of the transmitted light was then suppressed to less than 200K at 5000K. We also demonstrated the automatic light exposure system using it without aperture control, to keep video signal level constant for a great change in the illuminance of objects to be captured.

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Development of a wide dynamic-range camera that employ logarithmic characteristic of Vertical Overflow Drain(VOD) structure is reported. This includes; 1) Fixed Pattern Noise(FPN) canceller using an image captured with electrons injection to photodiodes from N-substrate; 2) Log-to-linear function; 3) Dynamic-range compression preserving linear color space. Using both logarithmic and linear sensitivity ranges, this camera has 100 times higher dynamic-range than conventional CCD cameras that only use linear sensitivity range.

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We propose a new method for obtaining wide dynamic range images. The method uses a novel optical beam splitting system, which consists of an m:1 beam splitting prism and tri-color prism. Two color images with different exposure are obtained with the system. A wide dynamic range image with high picture quality is composed by processing these images.

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An experiment on the high speed progressive operation of a 2/3-inch 2M-pixel CCD is presented. A multiple frame interline transfer CCD (M-FIT CCD) was used for the reason of its structure which enables the charges of every each pixel to be handled separately. This CCD was successfully driven at 148.5MHz and progressive-scanned color picture with 3CCDs was reproduced at 60 frames/sec. A limiting resolution of 1000 TV lines has been achieved in both horizontal and vertical directions.

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Improvement of one-dimensional reproduced images including frequency components higher than Nyquist frequency was discussed. Noises existing on the reproduced image are caused by the positional defference between two input images. To reduce noises, precision of relative position between two images was increased by development of the new equipment and image spatial shifting program by Fourier transform was developed. As a result, quality of the reproduced image was improved, and the frequency components, which were 1.5 times as high as Nyquist frequency were successfully reproduced.

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Resolution progress of the two-dimensional image sensor by digital signal processing was performed. Using this method, the two-dimensional image, which has frequency components beyond Nyquist frequency were successfully reconstructed. After the experiment, reproduced images, which have frequency vomponents higher than Nyquist frequency are successfully obtaind. Using this method, it is possible to enhance the resolution of CCD image sensor twice as high at its inherent resolution.

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Much better pictures can be obtained from an exisitng Bayer-typed CCD sensor from a camera through the use of better picture processings. i.e., (1) broader-bandwidth demodulation of a g(green) signal and (2) reduction of b(bule) and r(red) false color. The first is done by directional demodulation of the offset-sampled g signal, and the second is by interpolation of missing b and r pixels proportionally to the signal. Computer simulateion showed good results.

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Though shot noise is theoretically unavoidable, it is possible to make this less of a problem by increasing the quantum efficiency of the imager. We have developed a HARP film doped with a large amount of tellurium to increase the quantum efficiency for the green incident light that has a great influence on the picture qualty of the color TV camera. Our evaluation of this new film shows that the quantum efficiency at a wavelength of 540 nm is double that of conventional film and the shot noise is reduced by 3 dB.

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In order to reduce distortion caused by lowering the applied target voltage to adjust the sensitivity on the New Super-HARP Image Snsor, we had already proposed a target structure in which the dark current in its non-scan area is suitably increased. However, the problem with that target structure was that a false signal-shaped square frame along the borderline between the scan area and the non-scan area sppeared. There, we explain how to solve this problem by suitably varying the position of the layer that causes the dark current.

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We studied CMOS image sensor overlaid with a HARP film. On this research, the process of connecting HARP film and CMOS image sensor is essential. Revealing the problems on the Indium(In) micro-bump method with this process, we propose the direct-connecting method and direct-laminating method. Aiming archivement these methods, we launch the wafer planarization technology.

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The photocurrent multiplication was observed in amorphous silicon pi photoconversion films. This noise characteristics was followed in Mclintyre's equation because excess noise factor wad greater than unit. The result indicates that photocurrent is multiplied by avalanche multiplication phenomenon.

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We propose a new field emission type infrared sensor, which is constructed with a PZT ceramic as ferroelectrics material and an Al electrode. The Al electrode is separated by a quartz plate (the distance between the Al electrode and the PZT plate kept about 10μm.) On this sensor, a PZT ceramic plate act field emitter and the Al is an anode electrode. The PZT plate was irradiated by infrared light in a vacuum chamber. From the experiment, anode current was lineally proportional to the incident infrared light power, and the principle of this sensor was confirmed. An emission current is also increase as the anode voltage is increase. On the other hand, the increment of the emission current was not observed on the sensor used a PZT which had reverse spontaneous polarization.

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Nanometer-sized Si dot multilayers have been prepared by repeating low-pressure chemical vapor deposition for dot formation and thermal oxidation for dot isolation. The multilayer with the dot size 3-5nm shows photoconductivity at the photon energy above 2.5eV, Which corresponds to the optical absorption of the Si dot. This result indicated that the nanometer-sized Si dot multilayers are promising as photoconductors, which work at various wavekengths because the opitical bandgap can be controlled by the dot size.

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Hi-vision pictures taken aboard tne space shuttle have suffered from CCD white defects. Considering, therefore, that protons in space radiation may bethe cause of these white defects, the CCD used for taking High-vision pictures on the space shuttle (STS-95) was analyzed and a proton irradiation expriment wa performed on the ground. The results of this experiment revealed that protons gave grear effect on the occurrence of white dedfects.

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Analysis of physical processes responsible for generation of induced dark current in CCD is presented. Ionization and Nonionization energy losses as well as the damage energy distribution for single interaction of protons, Si ions and neutrons is given. Different inaccuracies of the models and predictions are discussed.

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White defects(W.D.) on CCD determine the lifetime on TV camera on a manned space station. CCD is sensitive to cosmic ray compared with other semiconductor devices. Two TV cameras terminated after 4 years operation in "MIR", even though other equipment are using after 9 years operation. The results of flight experiment and ground irradiation experiment are compared with each other to generate dark-current increasing. When pass an ion or neutron in a Pixel, it generate the "Flash" event as single event. Multi Pixel Flash phenomena is discussed.

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Simple design principle for the back gate CCD registers is described, then the performance of the register, designed based on the principle, is simulated by three dimensional numerical analysis. It was clarified that low dark current, large charge handling capability, blooming suppression and considerable signal charge multiplication can be simultaneously realized in the back gate CCD registers.

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A CMOS image sensor with wide dynamic range and improved contrast is presented. The proposed sensor uses logarithmic response CMOS active pixels and read-out circuits which partially responses to the exponential of the input. A linear range can be easily set by a reference voltage. The operation is simulated using 0.6/mum CMOS parameters. The linear range is increased by 20dB as the reference voltage is increased by 60mV.

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We propose a new method of 8bit Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) on an image sensor using integration time information. We have fabricated a prototype using CMOS 0.6μm process and show results of some experiments.

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In this paper we propose a CMOS image sensor for high-speed digital imaging. The proposed image sensor integrates a high-speed pipeline A/D converter array and a 4×4 2-D DCT processor array for compression. As a new function for sub-sampling, the proposed scheme allows to sum up adjacent pixel signals.

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A novel image sensor with edge detection capability is described. The image smoothing is performed in real time by a neuron MOSFET implemented on-chip and edges can be detected by subtracting the smoothed output from the raw pixel output.

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In this paper, we propose a new image sensor which is able to control a resolution of sensor effectively. We designed layout of the prototype which can output averaged pixel values in each block. We fabricated a prototype multiresolution sensor in a 0.8μm CMOS technology and will examine the prototype chip.

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This paper describes the implementation of the proposed CMOS image sensor with non-destructive image mode. The proposed sensor reads out high-speed intermediate pictures and video-rate pictures. The applications of the sensor to the low-power motion vector estimation and the high-fidelity imaging of a moving object are also shown.

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A highly-sensitive simplified infrared imager using pyroelectric type detectors is proposed. A pyroelectric detector has the highest sensitivity in the thermal type detectors. However conventional pyroelectric type infrared image sensor need light chopping system. Therefore it is difficult to develop simple and small infrared light camera using pyroelectric devices. In this paper, we found a possibility of a chopperless highly-sensitive pyroelectric type infrared image sensor using a new sensing scheme. In the scheme, the image sensor chip is vibrated in one direction and time deferential and spatial integration on the image sensor chip.

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The information acquired by executing Fourier transform of Image is very useful for many applications such as fingerprint identification, face identification, and various machine vision applications. However, two-dimensional Fourier transform requires tremendous computational power. In this paper, we propose a near focal-plane Fourier transform processor using bit-serial column parallel processing architecture for the high-speed calculation. In the case of 256×256-point DFT, processing time is estimated to be 0.99ms at clock frequency of 100MHz.

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We have fabricated an Artificial Retina LSI which can put out the image projection data from the five image parts; four corners, and the center, at the frame rate of 2865 FPS. The motion data of these parts can be used for high speed and low cost, rotation and zooming extraction systems.

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We fabricated a new automatic reflected-light reducing system for video image capturing. This system automatically and rapidly reduces reflected light by driving a liquid crystal polarizing filter a according to output signals from polarization sensors. Our system detect the polarization of light even when the ratio of polarized light intensity to total light intensity was over 25%. The object image obscured by bright reflected light was cleary captured using this system.

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This paper views the Learning Environment for ATM-based Distance Learning. We studied and constructed multi-point distance education system using Japan Gigabit Network (JGN), real time encoders, real time decoders, video cameras, and screens.

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We've seached the system that makes us communicate remotely and experience high virtuality by arranging the locations of the video-camera or screens with easy-to-get device. We've made the experiment through which we can find the difference of eyes shots according to various positions of devices. This report tells the result.

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This paper shows how to extract telop precisely at high speed by processing encoding data directly. This telop detection algorithm uses the encoding modes of the block and examines temporal variation of DCT coefficients. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of more than 90% has been obtained. The detection speed is more than four times faster than that of decoding.

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In order to evolve interactive application using large area display, we had developed the pointing system for front-type projectors. Main elements of this system are composed of a CCD camera and the image processor for pointing detection. By this architecture, we achieved the new conceptual pointing such as "screen free" and "hands free".

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We previously proposed ACTIT:Automatic Construction of Tree-structual Image Transformations. We make an experiment to verify wherher the generated tree-structual image transformation has generality for multipurpose. And then we propose an idea to improve ACTIT.

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In this paper, we have investigated an optimal coding structure which can be applied for the compression coding of medical 3D motion pictures based on MPEG-2. As the coding structures to be examined, we have focused on two key points which strongly affects coding efficiency, one being a field merge structure for input stereo video sequences, and the other a picture structure applied for MPEG-2 encoding.

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