Journal of Groundwater Hydrology

Underground dam technology in some parts of the world

Makoto NISHIGAKI, Kwabena KANKAM-YEBOAH, Mitsuru KOMATSU

2004 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 113-130
Published: May 19, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.46.113

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Increased human population, changing l ifestyles and land use have resulted in intensive exploitation of groundwater resources worldwide. To improve on the availability of groundwater, numerous techniques have been developed in many parts of the world. One of such techniques is the construction of underground dams. The widespread application of this technology, however, has been limited by lack of information on the design, construction and utilization of the dam. This paper therefore reviews underground dam technology in some parts of the world to meet this challenge. The investigations required for selecting suitable sites, the materials and construction methods used and the results of some research works are presented.

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Nitrate reduction zone in groundwater at a slope-wetland plot in Tsukuba upland, Ibaraki Prefecture

Sei-ichiro IOKA, Norio TASE

2004 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 131-144
Published: May 19, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.46.131

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More than 50 piezometers and observation wells were installed in about 210 m² slope-wetland plot in the Tsukuba upland, Japan to clarify whether NO3^- reduction zone in groundwater locates in the marginal slope of wetland or not. The result showed that NO₃^- reduction zone was located locally in the Younger Loam Formation near the interface between the sand and gravel layer and the Younger Loam Formation, where water table gradient dramatically deceased. As shown in Figure 7, the NO₃^- reduction zone (3) in the observed vertical cross-section ranged within about 20 cm in vertical and about 100cm in horizontal direction. Additionally, groundwater geochemistry in the NO₃^- reduction zone demonstrated that SO₄^2- concentration decreased and Mn concentration increased in the zone.

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A basic study on monitoring method of contamination of soil and groundwater by using Frequency Domain Reflectometry method

Makoto NISHIGAKI, Mitsuru KOMATSU, Man-il KIM

2004 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 145-157
Published: May 19, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.46.145

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For evaluating subsurface contamination, s ampling method (boring) is commonly used, but this method can not monitor the change of in-situ contamination and concentration with respect to time. The purpose of this study is to apply a measuring system for subsurface contamination in which a so-called FDR (Frequency Domain Reflectometry) and FDR-V (with Vector network analyzer) system are employed to measure the salinity and oil contaminant. This FDR and FDR-V method is a coaxial probe method, which allows the measurement of the dielectric. The experimental study indicates the possibility in measuring both the contaminant concentration and volumetric moisture content. Besides, it was possible to measures the oil infiltration behavior at the good accuracy by using one dimension column.

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Visit to Valuable water springs (65)

Valuable waters in Tarim basin, Xinjiang, western part of China

Yasuo SHIMANO, Makoto NISHIGAKI, Mitsuru KOMATSU, Yao SUN

2004 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 159-174_1
Published: May 19, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.46.159

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