Problems of water are generally caused by various issues, such as population growth and climate change. In the Sahel region, in addition to these factors, public anti-French sentiment against French concession, the threat of terrorism by extremist terrorist organizations, and security issues due to the deteriorating security situation, could be closely related to the problems of water. In the Republic of Niger, located in the Sahel region, the French multinational corporate, Véolia, has monopolized most of the concession for the water management, including sales and distribution of drinking water since 2001. In January 2023, the Government of Niger has decided not to renew the water management contract for “Société d’Exploitation des Eaux du Niger (SEEN)”, private Nigerien company of Véolia Group, and the cabinet approved the creation of a state-owned company to manage Niger’s drinking water. French monopoly concession has caused public anti-French sentiment in Niger. Will the problems of water, caused by French corporate monopoly concession, lead to conflict or crisis of a State? Why has the Government of Niger decided to terminate the water management contract with Véolia through SEEN in January 2023 although the deteriorating security situation surrounding Niger has got worse and Niger needed to strengthen cooperation with the international community, including France? The purpose of this paper is to find how the problems of water are related to crisis of a State and examine its relationship, taking the example of French corporate monopoly concession in drinking water management in Niger and the decision taken by the Government of Niger.